Case Study – Ford Motor Company

Introduction Ford Motor Company was founded in 1903 by Henry Ford and eleven business associates. The company was responsible for the innovation of the moving assembly line where employees would remain in the same place while performing the same task on each automobile that move along the assembly line. Ford Motor Company has been a prominent car producer for over 100-years – an icon of U. S. manufacturing. However, the company has reached a pivotal impasse where timely planning has become crucial. Hence, to reestablish the brand and Henry Ford’s original vision to produce â€Å"cars that were affordable to the masses† (What Would You Do? Ford Motor Company, n. d. p. 1). This case study will examine four options; the first option is whether to close down older plants in an effort to realign production and sales. The second option is to re-engineer the company to produce smaller cars eliminating or sharply reducing the SUV and truck lines. The third option is to take the unprecedented step of dramatically reducing North American presence and focus the company efforts on international markets where the company has been very successful. The fourth option is to sell the entire Premier Automotive Group (PAG). To determine what the criterion for the Ford Motor Company four options are, Ford’s management team should collectively utilize the rational-decision making model that is define as â€Å"a systematic process in which managers define problems, evaluate alternatives, and choose optimal solutions that provide the maximum benefits to their organizations† (Williams, 2010, p. 85). In addition, management should utilize the SWOT (acronym for Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats) analysis, to identify their internal strengths and weaknesses and their external opportunities and threats. Ford can use the SWOT analysis for assessing their strategic position in its internal and external environments. Rational decision-making and the SWOT analysis will allow Ford to obtain and ascertain key issues to determine what strategic plans to implement. The case outlines four strategic options Ford is pursuing to increase its profitability. Describe each of the four options. For each option list two criteria, you would use to evaluate the option. Option number one recommends closing older plants to realign production and sales. Closing the older plants managers would have to evaluate how these closures will affect their internal environment, employees will lose their jobs; the company will be obligated to buy out each employee. In addition, the company has to evaluate their external challenges; how will the closure of these plants affect the community. The plants are currently producing more cars (supply) than the consumers are purchasing (demand). Therefore, Ford Motor Company’s has to create and implement a tactical plan that denotes how the internal threat of buying out the employee’s will occur, hence buying out the employees will reduce Ford Motor Company’s operation expense and maximize their internal opportunity because there will be more resources (cash) to invest in other areas of the business. In addition, the company could sell their supply to employees at a discounted price and offer the consumers in the community this same discount at a point lower to achieve goodwill in the community, thus minimizing their external challenges. Option number two is eliminating or sharply reducing the SUV and truck lines and concentrating on the production of smaller cars. The company managers should determine the strength of this option, the company would need to evaluate the following: can fuel economy be realized in these particular vehicle lines without significant cost being passed on to the consumer; will there be a continuing market for SUVs and how will reducing or eliminating truck lines affect overall sales. Therefore, to evaluate these challenges I propose managers review their industry forces that address the question; how should Ford Motor Company compete in the SUV and truck line industry. According to Harvard professor Michal Porter (as cited in Williams, 2010), â€Å"five industry forces determine and industry’s overall attractiveness and potential for long-term profitability† (p. 107). The company can determine if this is a feasible market for the company to continue participating in by assessing their positioning strategies. Option number three requires reducing Ford’s North American presence and focus the company’s efforts on international markets where the company has been very successful, particularly in Europe, South America, and China. Again, it is imperative that managers utilize the rational decision-making process to determine; what is the sustainability of the Ford brand in the international market, how will reducing or removing North American presence affect the overall brand, and which plants in North America should be closed for short periods to allow the demand to catch up with the supply. In addition, Ford should implement an aggressive marketing strategy in Europe, South American and China to gain a sustainable competitive edge in a market that is receptive. Option number four is to sell the entire PAG. The PAG group is part of Fords portfolio strategy that did not align with Ford’s vision. Therefore, retrenchment strategy should be applied for this option, sell the entire line because it is not part of Ford’s original vision – â€Å"production of cars that were affordable to the masses† (What Would You Do, Ford Motor Company, n. . p. 1). According to the Boston Consulting Group, BGC matrix, â€Å"is a portfolio strategy that managers use to categorize their corporation’s business growth and relative market share, helping them decide how to invest corporate funds† (Williams, 2010, p. 103). The PAG group can be defined as a dog; a company that â€Å"have a small share of a slow-growth market† (Williams, 2010, p. 104). I n addition, the hand-built PAG automobiles do not fit Ford’s innovation of the assembly line. In light of the possibility that market conditions can and do change, discuss at least three examples of how the company should build-in flexibility to back-up it decision-making process. Ford Motor Company should implement flexible back-up plans and one plan or method is the option based planning that is the goal â€Å"to keep all options open and acquiring small investments in alternative plans† (Williams, 2010, p. 81). Therefore, when one or several of the alternative plans flourish Ford would invest more in those plans, while reducing investments in other, for example, the North American plants. The second plan for the company to build in flexibility would be its slack resources that are people, money or production. Hence, the partial closing of the North American plant, slack resources would enable Ford to adjust, when demand increases there will be resources available to accommodate these changes. In addition, for any plan to work well, management has to keep communication open with all members of the team to develop and encourage commitment. List at least three steps that make-up a workable plan and explain why each is important. To determine and execute strategies for the four options managers at For Ford Motor Company have to be aware of the essentials steps in preparing a workable plan. Therefore, step number one to prepare a workable plan is setting specific goals, using the S. M. A. R. T. guidelines that are specific, measurable, attainable, realistic and timely. This is important because it directs behavior and increase efforts when the plan stipulates specific goals. Step number two is developing commitment. Goal commitment â€Å"is the determination to achieve a goal† (Williams, 2010, p. 80). Therefore, both managers and employees should collectively set goals to encourage commitment; setting goals collectively encourages employees to intensify their efforts. The third step is developing an effective action plan that list the specific steps, how the options will be carry out, which employees will perform each task, and what resources are going to be needed and how long it will take to accomplish the goal. The fourth step is tracking progress this will allow you to track your short-term (proximal) and long-term (distal) goals. In addition, the company managers should use a Gantt chart that will aid them in tracking this progress and keeping projects on task. When you know where you are going, how you getting there, who is assisting and how long it will take allows you to be flexible when conditions change. Discuss the option or combination of options you selected as the best course of actions for Ford Motor Company and detail your reasons for selecting that option or combination of options. I recommend Ford Motor Company put into operation, option number three, to take the unprecedented step to dramatically reduce their North American presence and focus their efforts on international markets where they have been successful. Ford Motor Company also should elect option number four, to sell the entire PAG group. To maximize Ford’s profits, it is clear that North American factories are not doing well and are the major sources of losses. Ford has lost a substantial amount of market share to its competitors. Ford does not want to produce more cars than they sell. Therefore, by reducing production in this market will provide them with slack resources to fund their European market. In addition, operation expense for their North American operations is expensive due to unionization. The United Auto Workers (UAW) â€Å"represents most of the company’s production employees and the contract terms over the years have been designed to provide significant long-term support to those employees† (What Would You Do? Ford Motor Company, n. d. , p. 1), and these generous benefits are weighing down the company operations and liquidity; therefore, Ford Motor Company should pay out the severance package to these employees and this will free up those monies to reinvest in the markets that are doing well or to repair older plants. In addition, due to the general environment changes – the economy, the company should negotiate new compensation packages with UAW to decrease their operational expenses. Additionally, Ford Motor Company should sell PAG because they are not in the luxury car business and refocus their attention to what they do best — producing cars that are affordable to masses. ? References Williams, C. (2010). Management. Mason, OH: Cengage Learning.

American Spice Trade Association

The American Spice Trade Association is the central element of the spice industry in the United States, promoting its interests and working to expand the American presence in the international spice markets. â€Å"The American Spice Trade Association’s members manufacture and market the majority of spices sold in the Unites States at retail and to food processors† . Since the days of its foundation and until present, the American Spice Trade Association has played an increasing role in the American spice industry evolution, changing the industry’s legislative basis and offering spice manufacturers additional opportunities for business growth.Currently, the Association is actively involved into the process of developing close relations with the government and with other spice companies internationally. The Association is the central element of successful relations between its members and those who are closely related to spice industry in the United States. History At the end of the first decade of the 20th century, federal authorities have come to realizing the need for better legislative restrictions in the area of food and drug manufacturing.Spice manufacturers were facing a serious challenge: they had to protect their business interests and to align them with the growing need for better sanitary conditions in food manufacturing. On August 7, 1907, the rooms of the Underwriters’ Club in Chicago witnessed the formation of a completely new kind of trade association, which was later called the American Spice Trade Association.The new trade association had to be headquartered in New York and to perform under New York State Law; by the end of the 1930s the association has turned into organization well known for its arbitration fights and for its persistent striving to revive spice industry that was severely impacted by the Great Depression. â€Å"The American Spice Trade Association (ASTA) has played an important role in the evolution o f the U. S. spice industry for more than 50 years.For example, in 1969, the Association adopted its first Cleanliness Specifications for Unprocessed Spices, Seeds and Herbs. † The role of the Association was increasingly important after the tragic events in Chernobyl: the major portion of spice crops in Eastern Europe was contaminated with radioactive materials. Currently, the Association looks far into the future, being deeply engaged into resolving regulatory and legislative issues that negatively impact the quality of business relations in spice industry. Mission and strategic planThe official website of the American Spice Trade Association states that â€Å"ASTA, the voice of the U. S. spice industry, works to ensure clean, safe spice and address public policy on behalf of the global industry†. In this context, the Association pursues the three strategic objectives: to ensure clean and safe spice through education and standards; to become a well-known and credible a uthority, which can positively impact the spice industry; and to facilitate international relations, which could further benefit spice industry worldwide.ASTA is constantly involved into developing and implementing a whole set of legislative procedures that would facilitate and improve the quality of business performance in spice industry in the United States and worldwide. Membership Currently, the Association includes 175 member companies, which grow, dehydrate, or process spices. All Association members are integrally linked to the spice industry in the United States; that means that all Association members are either based in the U. S. , or grow their spice crops in the U. S. , or supply U. S. companies with spices.The Association offers active membership opportunities to the companies, which are involved into â€Å"growing, importation, exportation, processing, blending, trading, distribution, or sale at wholesale or retail of spices or seasonings†. Brokers, agents, impo rters, traders, growers, and distributors can participate in ASTA on equal terms. Legislative activity and relations with government The Cleanliness Specifications for Unprocessed Spices, Seeds, and Herbs have become the first step toward lobbying the interests of spice manufacturers at the federal level.Cleanliness Specifications were aimed at improving analytical and sampling procedures used by spice manufacturers in the U. S. In 2003 the Association along with other six trade associations filed a petition to the Federal Food and Drug Administration, requesting to conduct â€Å"a notice-and-comment rulemaking in order to implement the marking provision of the Bioterrorism Act†. In other words, American trade associations were striving to clarify the issues of foods and spices denied permission to entry the U. S. territory.Neither of the trade organizations in the U. S. had a clear definition nor understanding of the way the restricted goods had to be marked. The Association asserted that â€Å"the marking provision was not self-effectuating; the most significant substantive gap in the marking provision is that it did not specify the circumstances under which a mark would be required†. As a result of those group activities, the FDA had to reconsider previous marking criteria and to provide Trade associations with marking requirements in substantive and definitive language.The American Spice Trade Association lobbying and the new Administration The 100 years of the Association’s development and performance have proved the relevance of two-side communication between ASTA and the government. The American Spice Trade Association is actively lobbying its interests to guarantee the achievement of the three strategic objectives by 2010. The year 2008 was marked with the Association’s striving to maintain appropriate legislative balance and to communicate its positions on food safety in Presidential administration and Congress.The Associat ion has succeeded in forming stable alliances with the FDA; the legislative provisions limiting spice imports and requiring spice manufacturers to pay for import registration in the U. S. were reconsidered at the federal level. The Association has acquired its own seat at the table where issues relating to spice industry are being discussed. ASTA is asked to provide objective feedback on the major changes and legislative acts that may potentially change the balance of forces in the spice market.â€Å"As a result of solid relationships, ASTA was able to get the FDA Food â€Å"Czar† and a Member of Congress to speak at the 2008 Legislative / Regulatory Workshop. † The Association uses its monthly newsletter and the official website as the source and the instrument of delivering critical information to major spice manufacturers; the Government Relations Committee has become the integral element of the association’s organizational structure. The Committee represents strategic interests of ASTA in federal agencies and Congress.The Association constantly monitors legislative and regulatory changes that may potentially threaten the stability of business performance in the American spice industry. Conclusion The American Spice Trade Association is the central institution protecting the rights of spice manufacturers and importers in the United States. The Association is actively involved into developing positive and mutually beneficial relationships with government and other legislative bodies, and works to promote spice manufacturers’ interests in the U. S. markets.ASTA is known for its legislative activity; the Association currently includes 175 members, and promotes the importance of clean and safe spices through education and standards. ASTA has become the indispensable element of the American and international spice trade; throughout its long history, the Association has proved its decisions and legislative steps to be of utmost importa nce for the whole spice industry in the United States. BIBLIOGRAPHY ASTA, 100 years of industry leadership, 2008, retrieved 18 November 2008, http://www. astaspice. org/i4a/pages/index. cfm?pageid=3291 ASTA, About ASTA, 2008, retrieved 18 November 2008, http://www. astaspice. org/i4a/pages/index. cfm? pageid=3281 ASTA, Government relations, 2008, retrieved 18 November 2008, http://www. astaspice. org/i4a/pages/index. cfm? pageid=3284 ERS, U. S. spice consumption by sector, 2003, retrieved 18 November 2008, http://www. ers. usda. gov/publications/aib709/aib709d. pdf FDA, Citizen petition, 2003, retrieved 18 November 2008, http://www. fda. gov/ohrms/DOCKETS/dailys/03/Feb03/022703/03p-0078-cp00001-vol1. pdf HARRIS, M, ‘Spice it up’, E, 12 May 2001, pp. 8.

THE 2012 FLOODING IN SOUTH AUSTRALIA Research Paper

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Are Prison Sentences The Best Way To Deal With Criminals Essay

Are Prison Sentences The Best Way To Deal With Criminals - Essay Example Adding even more prisoners is not in the best interest of this nation’s people because they must pay more in taxes to build more prisons, support a increasing inmate population and are in the end less safe as a consequence. The economy is also hurt as this tax money is basically thrown away unnecessarily instead of being spent within the community. For more than two decades, lawmakers have frequently updated sentencing guidelines by enacting mandatory minimum sentences. Of these modifications, the predetermined prison terms ordered by politicians have been the most prevalent by far. The movement toward more severe sentencing reforms has had adequate time to be thoroughly studied and specific conclusions obtained. The initial determination has been that the broadly held viewpoints on which these ‘tougher’ sentencing laws were legislated via the public through their representatives were for the most part wrong. The sentences for violent crimes were not as relaxed as commonly assumed prior to this period of substantial reforms nor were they softer than sentences imposed in other developed nations for similar offenses. Distorted facts used by political groups combined with the media that focused sensationalism such as showing uncharacteristic examples of light sentences given to violent offenders. During the past quarter century, the U.S. has seen an unmatched proliferation of federal and state and prison inmates.

Disparities and access to healthy food in the United States Essay

Disparities and access to healthy food in the United States - Essay Example Only 81% are able to eat the kinds of foods they want but majority also have to travel a far distance to reach the grocery stores of supermarkets (Larson, Story and Nelson, 2009). Research indicates that 8% of African Americans lack access to food while only 41% of the whites have access to food (U.S Department of Agriculture, 2009). The problem as indicated above is caused by food deserts. The other cause for these statistics are the fact that the supermarkets and groceries are not stocked with the kind of food people want and hence they end up not purchasing anything or just enough to eliminate their hunger but not get satisfied. Lastly is the main reason which is the socio-economic status of people. People fail to access food not because it is unavailable but simply because they cannot afford it. The healthy foods such as fruits and vegetables are expensive and hence they rely on unhealthy risking diseases. Over 46% of low income neighbors have limited household access to healthy foods dues to their high prices (Larson, Story and Nelson, 2009). When there is food desert in any neighborhood, the only people who will be able to purchase the desired and affordable food are those with readily available transportation and money for the food which means those in middle and high level of socio-economic status. Transportation in the rural areas is hard to come by and hence they lack access to healthy food. Majority of the city dwellers also face similar problem as their neighborhoods are filled with convenience stores and fast food joints and very few, sparsely spaced supermarkets and grocery stores. This translates to people within that neighborhood eating unhealthy foods majority of the time. The lack of access to healthy foods due to lack of access to supermarkets and grocery stores as well as the disparity in healthy food as a result of affordability calls for a policy to improve these low statistics if the US citizens are to start being healthy people and

Jesus and Gospels Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

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Health Management - Managing the aftermath of an adverse safety Essay

Health Management - Managing the aftermath of an adverse safety incident - Essay Example When the patients are not treated with the highest safety standards, they are likely to record dismal results in their performance. For instance, when the patients are not living in a highly hygienic place, they are likely to contact other diseases which will affect their health. Similarly, there is a need for health practitioners to offer services at the right time and at the right place. For instance, some patients need emergency services and should be given priority whenever they check into an institution. Such people need urgent care and services as their situation is extremely out of control (Khatri Hughes LC, Chan and Mark, 2009: 28). However, when the situation is not given priority, the person is likely to succumb to the injuries since the situation is getting worse. For instance, a person that is profusely bleeding needs urgent care. It is openly expressed that a person that is profusely bleeding needs to be given ample care and first aid. This will stop the bleeding and the person will be in a stable condition. However, when the bleeding continues for a long time, the person is not likely to survive. The body fluids will be at minimal levels, which is detrimental to a person’s health. There are a number of incidences in the health sector that openly display the need for safety measures in the profession. In most instances, the incidences are caused by human error. The people working on the patients are erroneous and end up making a mistake. Some mistakes are controllable while others are not controllable and could affect the life of the victim. However, in bizarre cases, the consequences of the incident are adverse and this could lead to death of the victim. These calls for undivided and focused attention from the medical practitioners and the nurses in the profession to ensure the patients are given steadfast services (Hurwitz and Sheikh, 2011: 21). The errors

Advertising on super bowl, internet Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Advertising on super bowl, internet - Assignment Example Secondly, Social Medias such as facebook is very popular. This has created an avenue to meet and communicate with all sorts of people in the entire world. Many companies have been advertisings on national television but with the entry of internet this has started to change. Small business should not spend most of its advertising budget on a television advertisement during the super bowl. Social media is also as major way that small business can use to reach large number of consumers especially the young consumers. Even if televisions are vital in informing families on the existence of new brands, it is not a competitive strategy. This is based on the fact that most companies have now embarked on use of internet to advertise their brands. As online shopping becomes popular there are still great fears among users. Most clients being used to the physical buying of goods and services, they tend to doubt the authenticity of the goods being sold online. Others fear payment transaction online as there is lot of cyber crime all over the world. Though there are lot of genuine goods and services being done on the internet which is much easier, cheaper and more so it can be done beyond

Discuss the extent to which rape is central to heroic mythical Research Paper

Discuss the extent to which rape is central to heroic mythical narratives of the Greeks and Romans. What is the effect of associ - Research Paper Example Narratives based on the theme of love often depicted rapes of mortal women by male gods. Such interactions led to the conception and subsequent birth of heroic offspring. When analyzing rape in heroic narratives from its references in art, it is seen that rape was used to develop and project social normality or otherwise. Moorti observes that rape is a central theme in Greek mythology (203). The degree of importance given to rape shows the elements of patriarchy and male supremacy as well as the normality of violent acts with women. The narratives that have been written after 5 BC show that rape was increasingly used as a means of blurring and comfortably transgressing the boundaries between the divine and the mortals. It was also used as a way of expressing identity and personal limits. It served a heuristic purpose, trying to provide solutions for questions relating to existence, religion and politics. Moorti contends that the metaphorical use of rape for taking into consideration major issues should not be regarded as an atavistic practice or linked to a recurrence due to genetics (203). On the contrary, its use shows how legal and illegal issues related to sexuality are addressed. The liberal use of rape in Greek and Roman mythology raises questions regarding the intention behind it. It is observed that one of the reasons why rape was used commonly was that it depicted power and rank. The tales of narratives were in fact representations of the lifestyle and ways of living of the Greeks and the Romans. The social and cultural norms of the civilizations were such that men had the authority to rape women to punish them or simply to assert their control and authority over them. Rape was also carried out by gods for the same reasons. Gods used rape as a tool for asserting the connections and importance of familial relations between them. Despite the fact that the Romans and the Greeks were cultured people, rape was inflicted by men on women on a common scale and the same element was portrayed in heroic narratives. When studying Greek mythology, one can conclude that most of them are largely patriarchal and served to facilitate the image and position of the males in the society (Harris and Platzner 850). By showing that gods also raped, the males were able to justify their actions and prove that they cannot be wrong if they were carried out by gods too (Xanders). Rape in heroic narratives did not have any stigma or negative consequences associated with it. A similar claim is asserted by Smith (12). Smith is of the point of view that drinking and sexual abuse were rampant in the ancient times. Men used to carry out such acts without any remorse or fear because they were characteristic of religious elements and did not embody the disgrace of any misconduct. One such behavioral analogy representing alcohol-induced rape in Greek mythology can be found in the conduct and character of Satyr. Satyr was a forest being which was related to the god o f wine, Dionysus. Satyr indulged itself in excessive wine consumption and rapes of women (Smith 12). Other instances of rape in Greek mythology are seen in Helen’s kidnapping from Sparta, the rape of Alcippe and the rape of Protogeneia by Zeus to name a few (Simon 4). Woodard is of the perspective that when looking at the study of causes, there is an apparent pattern of seeing the human status as that of a victim (366). This is manifested in the supremacy of the gods over the mortals. The early narratives of

Reaction Paper #2 Term Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Reaction #2 - Term Paper Example With the progressive change in warfare after the Second World War, more questions have been raised on how to deal with asymmetrical warfare under the Geneva conventions. After this convention of 1949, most nations’ security has been threatened non-state actors organizations such as ISIS and al-Qaeda are not fully covered by the rules of war. The armed groups have over and over again sought to defeat their military weakness by employing strategies that deliberately violet international law. These range from planned attacks against civilians, sexual violence, forced conscription as well as using civilians to guard military objectives (Slomanson, 1999). The risks of civilians are further increased as military superior parties, in fighting the rival that is often tricky to identify, responds with means and methods of warfare that may violet the principles of difference and proportionality, giving rise to further civilian victims. International armed conflict between the states and terrorist non-state actors raises a concern on how states in question should actually respond to these groups considering the fact that they have comparatively few rights under the international Humanitarian Law. There is also a big concern as to whether the wars on the non-state actors are international or non-international under Geneva Conventions. But on the other hand, the involved states also consider these rebellious groups as illicit combats who are dispossessed of any legality; their actions are unsympathetically punished in line with the domestic laws of the state. The context of these armed conflicts is claims of legitimacy, as the state pretends to have a greater claim to legitimacy than non-state actors. States seek to de-legitimize non-state actors’ claim while advancing their own claims of legitimacy (Slomanson, 1999). The non-state actors should not be

Economic Analysis of Crop Diversification Essay Example for Free

Economic Analysis of Crop Diversification Essay There is a dramatic change in the earning, spending and saving pattern of the people of India in the post reform (economic) period that is post 1991. During this period, income generating mechanism in this country underwent massive changes. With a sustained economic growth, rising per capita income along with an ever increasing population, the dietary pattern in India is also changing very fast. The Indian food basket is diversifying in favour of high value food commodities like fruits, vegetables, dairy products, poultry products and fish products from staple food such as rice, wheat and coarse cereals. This raises a challenge to Indian agriculture. 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Moreover, it implies the use of environmental and human resources to grow a mix of crops with complementary marketing opportunities. Thus, it implies a shifting of resources from low value crops to high value crops such as fruits, vegetables, etc. The concept of crop diversification in globalized market of agricultural produce refers to increase the total crop productivity in terms of quality, quantity and monetary value under different specific agro-climatic situations across the world. There are two approaches to crop diversification in agriculture. First is horizontal diversification, which is the primary approach to crop diversification in production agriculture. The approach takes place through crop intensification by adding new high-value crops to existing cropping systems. Thus, the approach facilitates the improvement of overall productivity of a farm or farming economy of a region. The second approach is the vertical diversification. Under this approach, farmers and others add value to products through processing, regional branding, packaging, merchandising or other efforts to enhance the farm-product. The opportunities for crop diversification may vary depending on risks, opportunities and the feasibility of proposed changes within a socio-economic and agro-economic context. However, crop diversification through substitution of one crop or mixed cropping / inter-cropping may be a useful tool to mitigate problems associated with aberrant weather to some extent, especially in the arid and semi-arid drought-prone / dry land areas. Impact of crop diversification Crop diversification is intended to practice of growing more than one crop (or enterprise) in any year to increase financial and biological stability of the farm. In the agricultural context, diversification can be regarded as the re-allocation of some of a farms productive resources, such as land, capital, farm equipment and paid labour, into new activities. These can be new crops or livestock products, value-adding activities, provision of services to other farmers, etc. On the other hand, diversification of agriculture refers to the shift from the regional dominance of one crop to regional production of a number of crops, to meet ever increasing demand for cereals, pulses, oilseeds, fruits and vegetables, etc. It aims to improve soil health and a dynamic equilibrium of the agro-ecosystem. Crop diversification takes into account the economic returns from different value-added crops. Crop diversification can better tolerate the ups and downs in the market value of farm products and may ensure economic stability for farming families of the state. The adverse effects of aberrant weather, such as erratic and scanty rainfall and drought are very common in a vast area in agricultural production of the state. Incidents of flood in one part and drought in the other part are a very frequent phenomenon in the state. Under these aberrant weather situations, dependence on one or two major cereals (rice, wheat, etc.) is always risky. Diversification in agriculture has tremendous impact on the agro-socio-economic condition and uplifting resource-poor farming communities. It generates income and employment for rural youth year round for the ultimate benefits of the farmers in the state. It implies the use of local resources in a larger mix of diverse cropping systems and livestock, aquaculture and other non-farm sectors in the rural areas. Problem statement The yield as well as farm income is the essential part for crop diversification for the farmer of an agricultural based economy like West Bengal. Normally, the farmers diversify farm enterprises to meet the cash requirements of the family and to mitigate risk associated with mono-cropping, depending on conventional wisdom over the years. The crop diversification in the state is also considered with greater emphasis from the view point to price response, market infrastructure, availability of resources and public interventions (price and credit policies of farming business, research and development in farming activities, etc.) in agriculture. The judicious crop mix has facilitated increased farm incomes. It has also contribution towards the utilization of under employed resources to mitigate seasonal and under unemployment of rural labour force. The crop diversification has also helped to reduce risks and uncertainties in crops yields due to climatic and biological vagaries. Thus the study was conducted to analyze the extent of crop diversification at different levels of farm size as well as crop growing seasons in West Bengal for both inorganic and organic farming systems, commonly followed by the farmers in the state.

Symbolism In The Great Gatsby Essay Example for Free

Symbolism In The Great Gatsby Essay Prompt: Examine Fitzgerald’s use of symbolism in the novel. Be sure to define symbolism, examine at least 3 different symbols, and tell how each symbol is significant or important to the narrative. Finally, explain how each contributes to a theme in the novel. Be sure to directly state each theme in a complete general sentence. Use textual evidence (exact quotes from the novel). â€Å"Possibly is had occurred to him that the colossal significance of that light had now vanished forever. Compared to the great distance that had separated him from Daisy it had seemed very near to her, almost touching her. It had seemed as close as a star to the moon. Now it was again a green light on a dock. His count of enchanted objects had diminished by one.†( pg. 93) The green light is one of the most predominant symbols F. Scott Fitzgerald uses in his novel The Great Gatsby. Symbolism is when a writer uses an object or idea to stand for something else; the bigger picture, or theme of the book. Three of the utmost crucial symbols in The Great Gatsby are the green light, the disintegrating letter, and the mantelpiece clock. First, The green light represents Gatsby’s hopes and dreams for the future. Gatsby affiliates the light with Daisy, and Fitzgerald first introduces the reader to this in Chapter One when Nick sees Gatsby reaching out towards it at the end of his dock, â€Å"-he stretched out his arms toward the dark water in a curious way, and, far as a I was from him, I could have sworn he was trembling. In voluntarily I glanced seaward-and distinguished nothing except a single green light†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (pg. 20-21) The green light is the idea that you should keep chasing your dreams no matter how far away they seem. Fitzgerald shows this through Gatsby chasing Daisy although she is married and has a child, he never gives up on his hopes to be with her. Fitzgerald additionally portrays this through Gatsby by showing that he was poor but did everything he could to become rich because that was his dream. Other characters such as Myrtle show this theme. Myrtle wants to be rich like Gatsby and Tom so she keeps pretending to be rich and tries to fit that stereotype in any way that she can because she dreams of being rich one day. In chapter five, Daisy and Gatsby are seeing each other again for the first time in years. Their reconnecting occurs at Nicks house and this is when the reader is introduced to the mantelpiece clock. When Fitzgerald writes â€Å"Luckily the clock took this moment to tilt dangerously at the pressure of his head, whereupon he turned and caught it with trembling fingers and set it back into place†¦I think we all believed that for a moment that it had smashed in pieces on the floor.†(pg. 86-87) the reader sees that Gatsby wants to get back together with Daisy or â€Å"turn back time† in a sense. Fitzgerald is telling the reader that time is unstoppable and unrestrainable through Gatsby and Daisy’s actions because even though Gatsby does everything in his power to see her again and win her over he never does because time has moved on and so has Daisy. Next, the reader sees that time has moved on long before Gatsby had even come back from the army. The reader sees Daisy’s actual moving on and marrying Tom in chapter four when Jordan tells about the night before Daisy’s wedding, â€Å"I came into her room half an hour before the bridal dinner, and found herdrunk as a monkey. She had a bottle of Sauterne in one hand and a letter in the other†¦we locked the door and got her in a cold baht. She wouldn’t let go of the letter. She took it into the tub with her and squeezed it up into a wet ball, and only let me leave it in the soap-dish when she saw it was coming to pieces like snow.†(pg.76) the reader assumes this letter in from Gatsby because Jordan earlier in this passage explained how Daisy and Gatsby were in love and how during Daisy’s drunken state she tells Jordan to give Tom back the pearls that he bought he because, â€Å"Daisy’s change’ her mine!† (Pg. 76) Yet she still marries Tom the next day. This shows her realizing that she can’t wait forever and must marry Tom, therefore leaving behind her past with Gatsby and moving on. What Gatsby has yet to see it that all good things come to and end, and this is what Fitzgerald was portraying through the disintegrating letter and the end of Daisy and Gatsby’s relationship. As many can see, F. Scott Fitzgerald is one of the finest writers because he uses personal experiences to influence his writing. His use of symbolism is astounding and it makes people want to decipher his words. In The Great Gatsby he shows the reader the meaning of life, time, and hope through a light, a letter, and a clock; but most importantly through his main character Gatsby, who is connected to all of the symbols in this novel. Fitzgerald also does a first-class job of connecting the overall theme of the novel, which is the decline of the American dream in the 1920’s; how little by little it started to disappear until nobody believed in it any more; to Gatsby and how his count of enchanted objects keep diminishing one by one until there is nothing left but lost and broken dreams.

International retailer enter Indian market

International retailer enter Indian market INTRODUCTION Today retail is no more restricted to just selling goods to consumer. It is worlds largest private industry with the sales of US$ 6.6 trillion. (McKinsey Global Institute Report, 2001)Cox R and Brittain P (2004) gave the modern definition of retailing as Retailing is the sale of goods and services to the ultimate consumer for personal, family or household use. In UK retail sector is the second largest employer, contributes 23% in GDP and accounts for the 35% of consumer expenditure. (Cox R and Brittain P, 2004) The sector seems to be mature in UK. But there are few emerging markets in which retail sector is still in its growth phase. One of them is Retail Sector of India. AIM AND OBJECTIVES Aim: To determine the barriers for an international retailer like PRIMARK to enter Indian Market and to find out the suitable marketing policies depending upon the problems they might face. Rationale: Until the fall of communism the countries in the world were divided in to two types- communists and capitalists; depending upon the economical system they had adopted. But there were few newly Independent countries which adopted the mixed type of economy. As the strength of capitalism was proved all the economies tend towards it. Still there are countries like India which are conserved in nature. Route of entering the Indian Market is still full of hurdles for any foreign investor. But the challenge is acceptable because at the end of the route there is a huge market with millions of potential consumers. Objectives: Analysing the potential of Indian Retail sector, market requirements and risks involved. Review the policies of Indian government about Foreign Direct Investment in retail sector. Review how other companies have entered Indian Market. E.g. M S, Wal-Mart, Woolworths etc. Review PRIMARKS mission, vision, operation strategy and marketing policies. Study how PRIMARK has entered in other countries. Learning few appropriate strategies and marketing policies which PRIMARK can adopt to make a successful entry in India. LITERATURE REVIEW International Retailing: Two sets of factors can make a domestic retailer go international. First is push factors which includes saturation of the domestic market, recession and planning restrictions. The other set of factor is known as pull factors which is nothing but market attractiveness for the foreign retailer. It consists of falling barriers to market entry, supplier strategy, strategic alliances, emerging markets, changing consumer taste, economies of scale. But as the venture involves huge investment various strategic methods are used reduce the risk. Thus market research followed by the deciding upon entering strategy such as acquisition or joint venture etc. would be the most suitable path for any retailer. (Cox R and Brittain P, 2004) Indian Retail Sector An Opportunity: The time when developed economies are facing recession, two countries are balancing world economic growth, one of them is India. Indias GDP growth was 9.4% in 2007. According to McKinsey report there are 12 m retail outlets in India. Most of them are small and unorganised, but contributes 6% in GDP. (McKinsey Global Institute Report, 2001)The Indian Organised and Modern Retail Market is only 9% of total retail industry, which too low compared to western world (65% in USA) as well as other Asian countries. (Appendix 1) Thus the sector as such is underdeveloped. Indias Favourable demography, availability of the disposable income with young generation and stability due to vibrant democracy are other advantages for any foreign investors. (Country Profile 2007 India) Report by McKinsey also suggests if the government become a bit liberal and bureaucracy is reduced then the productivity of retail sector would increase by two and half times (250%) and wo uld create 8 million jobs. (McKinsey Global Institute Report, 2001) Market potential can be further back up by study of Kearney A. T. (2006) about Global Retail Development Index. Understanding Indian Consumer: India is a huge country with varied consumer pool. Supporting to the view Ramamurthy K and Naikare A (2007) from Synovate Business consulting says, The Indian market shows differences in consumer behaviour from one region to another in terms of usage, preference, brands, tastes etc. Advocating to the point Mr. Biyani simplify it as, Indian Consumers, unlike people elsewhere, demand ideas and solutions that are uniquely Indian. Mr. Kishore Biyani (CEO, Future Group and Managing Director of Pantaloon Retail, India) Thus any international retailer planning to enter the Indian market would have to consider the same for planning the marketing strategies. Indian modern retailers are attracting only one stratum of people, which includes educated urban Indians, but those which are having the lower purchasing power especially people from sectors such as plumbing, carpentry etc. are often neglected. On January 26, 2006 Big Bazaar announced a Lowest Price Day to attract the later segment. (Biyani K, 2007) So it means there is a GAP in the retail segment which is attractive and can be exploited. The dissertation would evaluate the suitability of marketing strategies, product range etc. for retailer to enter India. Indian Government Policies for Foreign Investor: Foreign company intended to do business in India can follow one of the three routes as explained by Titus and Co., Advocates (2007) Open A liaison office Set up a branch office Incorporate a company If the company wish to set up its own permanent unit in India then it has to follow the third path. But then depending on the sector company can have Wholly Owned Subsidiary (WOS) or Joint Venture (JV). (Titus and Co., Advocates 2007) India has not completely opened the retail sector for foreign investors and the liberalisation is proceeding gradually. Till 2006 the only route for FDI in retails was Franchisee. Government then allowed 51% FDI in single brand retailing. (Country Profile 2007 India) But the retail distribution is still forbidden. (Appendix 2) Along with these ownership policies, India is ranked higher in putting barriers such as discriminatory procedures, tariffs and regulatory barriers on Foreign Investment. The other hurdle for entering Indian market is various barriers to entrepreneurship. Though India has reduced the legal barriers such as getting license or permit it has not reduced the administrative burdens on new entrepreneur. (OECD Economic Survey India, p. 91, 92) For investing in single brand retail sector an investor has to take an approval from SIA (Secretariat for Industrial Assistance), the Department of Industrial Policy and Promotion, the Ministry of Commerce and Industry, New Delhi. (Titus and Co., Advocates, 2007) The dissertation would study the regulations of Indian Government for foreign retailer. Entry of Foreign Retailers in India: Retail market potential of India has lured many foreign investors to enter Indian market by various means. The dissertation will analyse the strategies used by them to enter India. Wal-Mart entered wholesale business in India through joint venture with Bharti Enterprises. Bharti-Wal-Mart is panning to open many cash and carry shops by 2015. (The Economist, August 9, 2007) Auchan International SA from France is having regional purchasing and liaison office in India. Cargill India Pvt. Ltd. well known USA based company have launched NatureFresh brand of Atta (wheat floor), refined oil, salt, branded rice etc. Mc Donalds Restaurant has joint venture with Cannaught Plaza Restaurants Pvt. Ltd. to operate in Delhi, Jaipur and Mathura region. (Source: Foreign Companies In India Yearbook 2007) Dairy Farm International Holding Ltd. of Hong Kong along with Food World Supermarkets Ltd. (India) in a joint venture has opened 89 retail shops in India. Procter and Gamble Hygiene and Healthcare Ltd. (USA) have launched consumer and health care products in India. In the project 35% investment is from Indian Share holders and 65% is from Procter and Gamble Company and Procter and Gamble Home Products Ltd. Marks and Spencer c/o Planet Sports Pvt. Ltd. is having 14 retail outlets and distribution network in Delhi, Mumbai, Haidrabad, Jaipur, and Pune etc. in India. (Source: Foreign Companies In India Yearbook 2007) Marks and Spencer has re-entered Indian Retail Market together with Reliance Industries (India). In a joint venture Marks and Spencer is having 51% ownership. Duo is planning to open 50 shops in near future. (Hall J, April 19, 2008) Failure: There are few examples of failure as well. Few organisations have withdrawn their interest in entering Indian market. E.g. Carrefour and Tesco went out of the negotiation for joint venture in India. Starbucks after getting to disapprovals from the Government of India pull out two proposals for franchise. Metro (German Retailer) enter wholesale business in India but since then it has engaged in solving the dispute with state government of Karnataka as state law does not allow Metro to sell agricultural products. (The Economist, August 9, 2007) The dissertation would make an attempt to investigate the reasons behind those failures. Review of PRIMARK: Associated British Food the parent company of PRIMARK opened its first value clothing store in Dublin in 1969. Since then it has opened 177 stores in Ireland (trade with brand name Penneys), Spain and UK. (www.primark.co.uk) The retailer targets the age group o to 35 and especially women customers by providing good quality fashionable cloths at reasonable price. The retail chain basically became popular because of its value for money price. The major strategies of the company involve, Bulk production, Simple to produce designs and Production of only popular sizes. (Atherton J, 2008) The company also deals directly with the producer and there is no intermediate in between and thus avoid huge overhead costs. PRIMARK also does not spend much on advertisements and believes Word of Mouth is the most effective way of advertising. PRIMARK became the member of Ethical Trading Initiative in October 2006 along with the Marks and Spencer, Nike, Gap and Levis. (Staff Induction Handbook, Primark). The PRIMARK is currently operating in Ireland, UK, and Spain. It is expanding internationally and further planning to move in to Portugal and Germany. PRIMARK is selling the similar stock in all countries. It is not favourable for any organisation if they had to change a lot while going international. According to Gavin George from Ernst and Young, Emerging markets offer exciting growth prospects, while many European markets have high spending, but relatively weak competition. Primark will be in an interesting place in Germany because while there is an extensive value clothing proposition there are not so many fashion-oriented players. (McAllister D, 2008) The compatibility of PRIMARK with Indian Consumer and Government would be analysed to find out the appropriate way for entering India. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY Research design is the general plan to conduct the research. Saunders et. al. (2007) compares it with onion. The first layer of an onion is deciding upon the Philosophy of research, then the approach, strategy and at the core of an onion lie the data collection and data analysis. Research Philosophy: The research philosophy adopted by the researcher defines the further path he would follow. The problem stated as a topic in this piece of research proposal is practical and related to realities. Thus it adopts the functionalist paradigm. According to Burrell and Morgan (1979:26) It is often problem-oriented approach, concerned to provide practical solutions to practical problems (Cited in Saunders et. al. 2007) This paradigm has two dimension as objectivism and regulation. Objectivism is one of the aspects of Ontology philosophy. But this research would rather proceed with Pragmatism approach, which means the research can follow the philosophy of epistemology as well as ontology. (Saunders et. al., 2007, pp. 101-113) Research Approach: The second layer of a research onion is research approach. This research would use an inductive approach for research which is much more appropriate for answering this sort of questions. Inductive approach gives the necessary flexibility for choosing the research methodology depending upon the research question. (Saunders et. al., 2007, pp. 119) Purpose: The purpose of this research is more of exploratory study and a bit of explanatory study. It would explain the constraints in entering Indian market and how other foreign investors have entered the market. Depending on that it would make an attempt to explore the policies PRIMARK should embrace to enter Indian market successfully. (Saunders et. al., 2007, pp. 133) Strategy: As Robson (2002:178) defines the case study research as a strategy for doing research which involves an empirical investigation of a particular contemporary phenomenon within its real life context using multiple sources of evidence. (Cited in Saunders et. al. 2007, p139) The case study research would be the strategy of choice for this research. DATA COLLECTION METHOD For the philosophy, approach and strategy opted for this dissertation the most suitable method of data collection would be the qualitative method. (Saunders et. al., 2007) The data would be collected by in-depth interview of the people form various sectors related to retail business. The main advantage of the method as stated by Burgess (1982:107) is, it is the opportunity for the researcher to probe deeply to uncover new clue, open up new dimensions of a problem and secure vivid, accurate inclusive accounts that are based on personal experience. (Cited by Smith et. al. 2008) The principle source would be the Management of PRIMARK. As the researcher is working with PRIMARK Hammersmith, London; Access to the Store Manager Mrs. Katarina Taggard has been negotiated. Though she has agreed to help with the dissertation, the permission from the Head Office, Reading, UK; is yet to receive. The another person to be interviewed is Mr. Ashdin Doctor, A Market Research Analyst, Retail Sector M umbai, India. The formal approval has been negotiated with him. The questionnaire would be sent to him through e-mail. The questionnaire would be sent to Eva George, China and India Business Development Officer, London and Anita Nandi, City Representative, Mumbai. (Leaflet, City Business Library) In a mean time other important retailers from India are being contacted for the same purpose. ANALYSIS AND PRETSENTATION OF DATA The data gathered from the qualitative method would be analysed by using the Grounded Analysis method of analysing qualitative data. The data would be read and understood well and then it would be linked with the theory or the secondary data. The whole data would be presented in the form of charts, tables and graphs following the critical analysis. SECONDARY DATA The information collected by some body else is regarded as secondary data. The proper utilisation of secondary data depends on analysing and interpreting skills of the researcher. (Smith et. al. 2008) The secondary data would be collected from the books and journal articles regarding the retail sector of India. The information about the country profile and statistics about India would be accessed from following official web sites, www.cia.gov/cia/publications/facebook www.rbi.org.in www.statisticsofindia.com www.finmin.nic.in (Leaflet, City Business Library) CONCLUSION The dissertation aims to analyse the problems international retailer might encounter while entering the Indian market. Eventually it is expected to answer following things; Attractiveness and market growth of one of the segments of Indian market which is not yet entirely exploited. All available paths to enter India and the most suitable one for PRIMARK, e.g. Joint Venture. Choice of marketing policies to be employed. E.g. target group, state-wise choice of clothing, buying occasions and price range etc. Factors to be taken care of and hitches to be aware of while doing business in India. e.g. currency fluctuations, unstable areas, political will and taxation laws in different states etc. REFERENCE Atherton J (2008), Primark stops buying from child labour firms, METRO BUSINESS, METRO, London. June 17, 2008. p.49. Biyani K (2007), Retail Revolution Lure of huge consumer base, In Ram N. (eds.) (2007) THE HINDU SURVEY OF INDIAN INDUSTRY, Chennai: Kasturi Sons Ltd. pp. 285,286,291. Burgess R. G. (1982), Field Research: A Source Book and Field Manual. London: Allen and Unwin. Cited in, Smith M, Thorpe R and Jackson P (2008), Management Research, 3 Edition, London: SAGE Publication Ltd. Chapter 7, pp. 144 Leaflet, City Business Library (n.d.), I need information on India, City of London Libraries, London. Country profile 2007 India, (2007), Economist Intelligence Unit Limited, UK. P. 30, 44. Cox R and Brittain P (2004), Retailing An Introduction, 5th Edition, Great Britain: Pearson Education Limited. Chapter 1 and 5, pp. 1-7, 41-49. Department of Economic Affairs (2007), Foreign direct investment, Government of India. Cited in OECD Economic Surveys (October 2007), Reforming Indias product and service markets, OECD Economic Surveys India, Volume 2007/14, France: Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development. p. 111 Foreign Companies In India Yearbook 2007 (2007), Commercial Intelligence Service, a division of Business Monitor International, UK. Pp. 24, 34, 38, 51, 75, 88, 93. Kearney A. T. (2006), Emerging Market Priorities for Global Retailers, Global Retail Development Index, Cited on June 20, 2008, Available from http://www.fibre2fashion.com/industry-article/pdffiles/emerging-market-priorities-for-global-retailers.pdf McAllister D (2008), Primark set for European Expansion, Retail News, CITYA.M., London. 4 June 2008, p.9. McKinsey Global Institute Report (September 2001), Retail Sector, India: The growth Imperative, McKinsey Company. cited on June 14, 2008, Available from http://www.mckinsey.com/mgi/reports/pdfs/india/Retail.pdf OECD Economic Surveys (October 2007), Reforming Indias product and service markets, OECD Economic Surveys India, Volume 2007/14, France: Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development. pp. 91-92 PRIMARK Background (online) Cited on June 14, 2008. Available from http://www.primark.co.uk/background.shtml Ramamurthy K and Naikare A (2007), Analyzing the Indian Market, In Millar R (eds.) (2007) Global Market Briefings Doing Business with India, 2nd Edition, Great Britain: GMB Publishing ltd. P.71 Saunders M, Lewis P and Thornhill A (2007), Research Methods for Business Students, 4th Edition. Spain: Pearson Education Ltd. Chapter 4,5, pp. 100-145. Staff Induction Handbook PRIMARK. Pp. 4, 5. Economist Indian Retailing (2007), Gently does it (August 9, 2007) The Economist print edition. Cited on Economist.com, on June 14, 2008, available from http://www.economist.com/business/displaystory.cfm?story_id=9622068 Titus and Co. Advocates (2007), Available Legal Structure, In Millar R (eds.) (2007) Global Market Briefings Doing Business with India, 2nd Edition, Great Britain: GMB Publishing ltd. Pp. 109-123. UWIC Business school (2006/07), MBA Individual Research Dissertation Handbook Academic Year 2006/07, 5th Revised edition, University of Wales Institute, Cardiff. Vedamani G (2007), Modern Retailing Comprehensive policy vital, In Ram N. (eds.) (2007) THE HINDU SURVEY OF INDIAN INDUSTRY, Chennai: Kasturi Sons Ltd. pp. 281-284. Mrs. Katarina Taggart, Store Manager, Hammersmith, PRIMARK. 1, Kings Mall, Kings Street, London. Post Code: W6 0PZ Mr. Ashdin Doctor, Mumbai, India. E-mail: [emailprotected] Anita Nandi, City Representative, City office in Mumbai. E-mail: [emailprotected] Eva George, China and India Business Development Officer, City of London, P.O. BOX 270, Guildhall, London. E-mail: [emailprotected] BIBLIOGRAPHY Kumar R and Sethi A (2005), Doing Business In India, USA: Palgrave Macmillan.

The Stress On Money In The Met :: essays research papers

The Stress on Money in The Metamorphosis   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In The Metamorphosis by Franz Kafka, the stress of, or the importance of money seems to be one of the major themes. Kafka shows how the person who makes the money is the person who gets the respect. If you aren't contributing to the income of the family, what good are you?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The novella starts off with Gregor being transformed into a bug. As he is lying on his bed, he thinks about his job: how he hasn't missed a day since he started to work there; he only has this job because his parents are in debt; and if he didn't get up 'The boss would be sure to come with the health-insurance doctor, blame his parents for their lazy son, and cut off any excuses by quoting the health-insurance doctor';(5). Gregor fears losing his job because his parents are in debt, and even though he hates his job, it is the sense of being the leading bread maker for the family, which demands some respect. Gregor supports his family by having this job, so the family gives Gregor respect in return. However, once the family learns that Gregor has turned into a bug, they stop treating him with respect, and instead, imprison him in his room. What use do they have for him now; he no longer makes any money. His parents refuse to look at him or even to try to communicat e with him. Instead of giving Gregor the respect he deserves out of love for their son, his parents give him respect because he gives them money. Now that he doesn't earn money, they lose all respect.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Molnar 2 Although in the beginning Gregor receives respect, the daughter, Grete, receives none. Grete doesn't make any money, so the parents' attention is focused on Gregor. However, when Gregor loses his job and no longer makes any money, the attention is focused on Grete. Grete starts off as the innocent girl and does what she is told, but after Gregor's change, when she starts to take some responsibility, then she, in her own way, demands respect. This is seen when her and her mother are deciding whether or not to take out the furniture in Gregor's room. 'Of course it was not only child defiance and the self-confidence she had recently acquired so unexpectedly, and at such a cost that led her to make this demand';(25).

Enterprise Project Management :: essays research papers

Successful organizations must manage resources and control the diverse range of projects operating within their systems at any one time. To be successful in the current business climate, organizations need to focus on how to manage the many competing requirements for resources. Conflicting resource requirements across multiple projects and corporate priorities not centrally managed usually are grounds for failure. I believe that a properly organized enterprise project office is the formula for successful project implementation. This paper briefly outlines what I feel is the main philosophy of the project office and two functions it can provide.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The main philosophy of the project office is to provide the organization with a single point of enterprise project planning and control. The project office supports all levels of management by monitoring all current projects in an integrated form. It stores all relevant data and disseminates information to all the various managers involved in all projects. It is the only office that has a global view of all the corporate projects and their history.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One function the project office can provide is assistance with resource availability for the project managers and project teams. As resource requirements and assignments are submitted to the project office, that information can be entered into an enterprise project database. This gives the project office the ability to not only track resource allocations for a single project but also determine the assignments and constraints of resources throughout the organization. Without this big picture, project impacts caused by resource constraints are difficult to determine.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Another function the project office can provide is maintaining the “issues'; log. The project manager and possibly functional managers raise issues when changes to the project scope occur, or when changes and problems occur outside the control of the project management team. The project office collects this information and performs various “what if'; scenarios. They then can determine the impact on schedule, resource availability, and budget for that project and the organization as a whole.

Hospice Essays -- Papers

Hospice In my essay I will explain what hospices are, what they do and how they do it. I will also cover who do it to and what their response is to what the hospice have provided them with. This essay will also explain how the hospice is the alternative to euthanasia, pain and suffering. The Hospice movement represents one Christian response to pain and suffering. What is a Hospice? A hospice is a home for the care of terminally ill (People who are dying). The aim of a hospice is to improve the quality of life of the dying person and bring relief to the family members. Hospices are different to hospitals because hospitals cure or treat patients for them to heal and go back into society until they need treatment again from an accident or check up etc. However hospices take care of the people who know their time is near so they go to this hospice to ease their pain and suffering and living the rest of their days feeling loved and valued. When they are in the Hospice they do not necessarily have to stay there and socialise with the other patients, they can also leave the hospice to go out and enjoy themselves. St Christopher's Hospice ======================== The founder of the modern hospice movement in Britain is Dame Cicerly Saunders who was born in (1918). She had first trained as a nurse but had to give up this because of a bad back. At one time of her career she became very close to a man named David Tasma. Dame Cicerly Saunders decided to set up the hospice because at the time of this relationship she realised there should be a place for the care of the sick people and wondered if she could set... ...because normally people would die with fear of what comes next but the hospice provides care for the mind so they have "Peace of mind." I also think that the hospice is good because difficult problems should be faced. A man once said "The key to immortality is living a life worth remembering." This quote actually came from Bruce Lee I'm amazed that at his age he was able to think of such a philosophy. The Christians agree with hospices because it is an alternative to euthanasia. They believe this because if someone went to ask for euthanasia and another to go to a hospice the person who went chose euthanasia would leave this world troubled because they don't know what is coming next. On the other hand the hospice gives them peace of mind and understanding that don't be afraid of god for he is merciful and loving.

Tkam Essay

The Story of a Novel For 50 years, Harper Lee’s novel To Kill a Mockingbird has been recognized worldwide as a classic. It has never been out of print, which is just one of the many signs that prove how imprinted into our society it is. Harper Lee changed the way readers experience the world around them, and certainly raised the bar for what should be expected from classic novels. To Kill a Mockingbird’s legacy will be everlasting, for holds a mirror up to America and shows what truly lies underneath. America has always taken pride in its detailed history, for better or for worse.Many novels have attempted to demonstrate historical events, but none have quite come close to the outstanding perspective of To Kill a Mockingbird. Readers get to see America as it was in the 1930's through the eyes of an untainted, unhindered child. As it has always been told, sadly, racism and prejudice were somewhat of a building block for the founding of this country. The audience experien ces this firsthand in the novel as Atticus Finch, a middle-aged lawyer, takes on a case in which he must defend a black man accused of raping a white woman.Circumstantially, the cause for this case would be lost; the black man would be found guilty upon being seen by the jury. As even Reverend Sykes stated, â€Å"[he] had never seen any jury decide in favor of a colored man over a white man† (279). But Atticus, an entrepreneur of his own kind, defied the accepted truth and caused the jury to ponder for hours. This was an important moment for both literature and for the well-being of America. It puts into perspective the hardships of African Americans during the 1930’s, which is not something to be taken lightly.Every society has their own mind set of what they consider to be ‘ideal. ’ For example, American’s could be loyal, truthful, and courageous; this almost perfectly describes Atticus. Even though obstacles may make his aspirations difficult, he did not stray; he kept pushing forward no matter what. Also, he is the utter definition of what the justice system, a major part of the American lifestyle, is meant to be. It is against his morals to tell anything but the whole truth, to fabricate any circumstance, and to treat any given person as anything but equal.He attempts to change the tarnished views of jury members, which could be seen as a spark for African American rights. Lastly, Atticus is the advocate for courage. As he stated himself, â€Å"[courage] is knowing you're licked before you begin but you begin anyway and you see it through no matter what† (149). There is a slim possibility of achieving your goal, but it’s that chance that makes all the difference. He has been an inspiration and an American icon for countless amounts of people, which is one of the major reasons that have made To Kill a Mockingbird so widespread.A common factor for many classic novels is their ability to be related to. For inst ance, it would be easier for the reader to relate to a character going through turbulences in their lives than it would be the same person to relate to an old man fighting in an apocalypse. For this reason, it nears impossible to deny how much of a classic To Kill a Mockingbird is. Firstly, Scout is extremely relatable because it’s safe to say most everyone can reminisce to a time when they were innocent, naive to hardship and struggle, and curious about the adult world.One of the universal languages is youth, which is something everyone has had to go through. Second, you will seldom find a person who has not gone through a confusing, complicated period in their life. We experience this with Jem; as he grows and matures, he begins to see the world through different eyes. The only catch is his vision is blurry, which is what confuses the situation. Lastly, practically everyone has gone through a time where the difference between right and wrong is undefined.Atticus has to deci de whether to tarnish one moral or another- to lie and say Arthur Radley didn’t kill Bob Ewell, or to expose him to the world and ultimately kill a mockingbird. For 50 years, To Kill a mockingbird has been looked up to and studied by millions across America, and even across the world. It is one of few novels that can say they have never gone out of print, which is an astonishing accomplishment. Harper Lee touched the hearts of many, and showed readers what it really means to be an American. For these reasons, To Kill a Mockingbird will continue to prosper for endless generations to come.

Outline of a Wedding Reception

Special Occasion Wedding federal agency Prayer OUTLINE Hook let us bow our heads and feel the carriage of the professional. Thesis Prayer for the newlyweds. Preview Lord for the joy of this occasion, we thank You. For Your strawman here and now and at any times, we thank You. Protect the newlyweds from evil and temptation, channelise them for their both challenges they encountered, and bless Owen and Sheryl and everyone present here. purlieu us with Your love now and always. In the get wind of the Father and of the male child and of the Holy Spirit.I. scuttle A. Introduction of the Prayer 1. Giving discover to the Lord 2. Sign of the cross II. bole A. Praising the Lord B. Asking for tenderness C. Thanks giving D. Supplication III. stopping point In the name of the Father and of the tidings and of the Holy Spirit. Amen. Full Speech I. scuttle Lets all stand and feel the straw man of the Lord. In the name of the Father and of the discussion and of the Holy Spirit. A men. II. Body Heavenly Father, hit the sack has been your richest and greatest gift to this world.Love between a man and a woman which matures into marriage. Today, we proceed that love. Lord for the joy of this occasion, we thank You. For Your presence here and now and at all times, we thank You. Protect the newlyweds from evil and temptation, guide them for their every challenges they encountered, and bless Owen and Sheryl and everyone present here. Surround us with Your love now and always. III. closing In the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit. Amen. (Sign of the cross)

Week Three Learning Team Reflection

Why and how do we conduct big business research? This week in Business Research such topics were the purpose of business research; developing appropriate research many questions and hypothesis, and identifying dependent and own independent variables. Week three has given us a better understanding of how to conduct own business research. There are several purposes for own business research. One major purpose would be to uncover and address problems and issues concerning the business.Teams personal gain from making use of a charter since it good gives their job direction.Poorly defined questions may cause the scientific research to go in misguided and irrelevant directions.Although there what are many types of questions that management empty can pose during the research process, there are twenty four basic categories of research questions contained in what is well known as the management-research question hierarchy (Cooper & Schindler, 2011). These categorical such questions are ma nagement, research, investigative, and measurement. Each free will focus the researcher’s efforts onto a specific aspect of the dilemma.Any team within the new high excellent organization would make sure that their day-to-day term goals deliver outcomes that improve the standard of their new products with the greatest objective of being the best in the business.

There are four types of hypotheses. They are descriptive, correlational, explanatory, and relational. The purpose of the hypotheses is to useful guide the study; identify relevant facts; suggest the appropriate style of research and provide a theoretical framework for organizing the conclusions. Finally, a strong hypothesis is adequate, testable, and much better than its rivals.Disputes can not be avoided in the social class of the group approach Since there is a team made up of other people and of distinct cultures and history.In this cause wired and effect study, the researcher will hypothesize how the constant independent variable affects the dependent variable. These cause logical and effect studies can conclude a multitude of effects, answering important such questions related to business research. How can we significant increase productivity, sales, morale among employees, integrity, etc.?How best can we reduce fraud, waste, loss, etc.Take a look at longer his post to lea rn more concerning staff selections little craft which will help you form your group.

Teams wonder about their degree of authority.They to generate high ground rules which might be meaningful to the team personal Following the team can be vulnerable to one another.Each whole team member needs to be able to devote an quantity of time to have the mental ability to finish all his or how her assignments that are required.In the event the team many members dont proceed with mediation, the peer review surgical procedure will be utilized as means of settlement.

It should have the very significant component of battle management or a central system which settles disputes right away.It is a frequent understanding of how a entire team gets its work done.If dont have any same direction isnt a powerful culture at our jobs good for example there may be behavior and, to put it a weak structure.A team environment is important unlooked for the teams achievement.

Ethics in Public Relations Essay

Nowadays, macrocosm dealings is bingle of the fastest- gaining field of maestro utilization worldwide. The humankind simile craft is ceaselessly having to alter to the needfully of monastic order finished which polar sight and incompatible organizations from divers(prenominal) countries knead a modification of definitions. For this reason, the reckon of estimable dilemmas in exoteric dealings continues to grow as well.some(a) of the stretch outs with honourable motive that sewer be set in motion with human race dealings is the ref intention of education from the exoteric, flop off and indirectly stipendiary for self-sustaining and documental views and opinions, slanted approaches and loyalty, anguish of reality, propaganda, bailing break through and forwarding of funny industries, the financial backing of step groups by assorted industries, the use of picture show countersign Releases, the Accreditation in universal dealings, and imp oster events. The national Relations bon ton of the Statess tag of morals has a pedestal that lies in the piece bid of passkey determine. These trea currents admit advocacy, genuiney, expertise, independence, loyalty, and fairness. at that topographic point be besides sixer victual involved in the PRSA fragment scratch of ethical motive Enhancing the Profession, Conflicts of Interest, Safeguarding Confidences, disclosure of info, Competition, and excess run In seduceation. Of in t come step to the fore of the closet ensemble the principles and determine add uped above, I palpate the or so measurable of the list to be the Value of seriousfulness and the dogma of necessitous fly the coop Information.The heart and soul Principle of sp atomic number 18 endure of Information states, defend and travel the warrant consort of faithful and straight data is immanent to parcel the humanity use up and bestow to conscious stopping point de vising in a elective familiarity. What I consider this mean is that the element should be honest in all proceedings, make any impairment cultivation promptly, and be sure that the foreswear current of selective predicateation is preserve and unbiased. integrity occasion that interest me was henry Mintzbergs sketch oer the cardinal definitions of scheme including schema as a plan, pattern, countersink, perspective, and ploy. As a plan, dodging is interested with circumstance up guide enclosures to break educational activity for an organization. As a pattern, dodge consists of conglomerate actions carried out with torso by firms. dodging as a position looks at how organizations interact with the foreign environment and how they place themselves in the agonistical environment. matchless function that sincerely yours stood outto me was the respect of the VNRs, or the television receiver countersign Releases, which are delineation segments make to look equal a password give nonice (of) aimed to inform an listening, only it is created by a common dealings firm, advertisement agency, trade firm, corporation, or politics agency. The step forward with the ethics commode the VNRs is the issue of head game to the audience or victimization these segments as a propaganda technique. VNRs are a rattling crack for tidings delivery, up to today when the parole becomes more(prenominal) of a mercantile for a company, legion(predicate) issues with ethics begins to form that resign for numerous to weigh the line among right and falsely of the ethics regarding cosmos transaction. over time, I odor that the ethical issues regarding creation relations allow cleanse and adopt with the time. What is wrong right instantaneously whitethorn not be unethical in the future. For this reason, it is all-important(prenominal) for diarist and pot in PR to charge on the umteen the issues now in public relations to tick off and improve.

Negroponte’s decision to partner with Microsoft Essay

2. Do you go with Negropontes stopping point to colleague with Microsoft?Yes I look into with this termination Negroponte partnerships with companies much(prenominal) as Microsoft, which is precise trust costy, and true(p) quote in the calculating tool sphere of influence for the operational clay and softw atomic mo 18 program.Nicholas Negroponte, wear and theatre director of the MIT Media Lab, introduced the motif for the $ hundred laptop computer in 2005. The laptop result be tell towards the tike in ontogenesis countries. The function is to foster nurture in those countries. The endeavor of this aim, to be specific, is To pass on peasantren astir(predicate) the serviceman with un keystoneed opport unities to explore, examine and tell themselves. technological effect of the laptop switch fast-low force necessitys, the physiological radiation diagram of wholly closed(a) to keep piss or sand or stigma damage, blossom out de nonati on softw ar originally, this has since changed, a comical interface, and the disaster for solar and hand-crank powering, and designers who are doing healthy to win their hail disappear. disdain its long innovation, or by chance because of it, the OLPC project has been inefficient to hit its $ blow tar pressed follow. The flowing exist of severally unit is listed on the OLPC Website as $199 (www.laptop.org/en/ enroll/ways-to-give.shtml). However, this does non embarrass direct deployment be, which are verbalise to add on an surplus 5%10% to the woo of severally(prenominal) machine (wiki.laptop.org/go/Larger_OLPC), and sequent IT-management costs. Nor does it hold the cost of instructor training, superfluous software program, and ongoing sustentation and support.OLPC ab initio needful regimes to secure a one zillion zillion million units, and consequently(prenominal) bring down the number to 250,000 in April 2007. such bragging(a) procures are awkward to cut for governments in developing countries, and the requirement was lastly eliminated. few countries last garbled wager out-of-pocket to the high costs of the XO.For example, Nigeria failed to awarding a make happy by its spring prexy to purchase a million units, partly because they no bimestrial cost $ hundred apiece.21 Meanwhile, other(a) countries, including Libya, throw opted for the IntelClassmate, which is legal injuryd at approximately $250 for the PC alone. Officials in Libya, which had plan to taint up to 1.2 million XO laptops, became touch that the machines lacked Windows, and that service, instructor training, and approaching upgrades would not be postd directlyby OLPC. Subsidies from Intel, including donated laptops and teacher training, besides serve uped act upon the Libyan government to require the Classmate.The intention of OLPC is to provide each child with a rugged, low-cost, low-power, machine-accessible laptop. To this en d, we pretend knowing the hardware, software and satiate for collaborative, fun, and self-empowered nurture. single laptop per barbarian is not round machines, its about movement. to get computers into the workforce of children that willing help them learn, then this is a price worth paying. consumption technology to qualify command by deliverance connectivity and constructionist learning for woeful children just about the world, express Nicholas Negroponte, come apart and chairwoman of OLPC.

Gardasil Critique Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Gardasil reexamine - essay physical exertion except is Gardasil only that it is z any(prenominal) up to be aft(prenominal)ward all, up to now when vaccinated, thither is dumb a 30% relative incidence of cervical crabmeat. non to mention, it has been inform that the vaccinum give non value against or fragility transmissions in women who defecate already had infections with HPV -16, -18, -6, and/or -11. FDA administrator Dr. Andrew von Eschenbach utter the vaccinum pass on develop a striking upshot on the wellness of women near the world.This vaccinum is suppositious to rent a spile of berth effect as well. a some(prenominal) incidents in the yesteryear hold in raised(a) few link ups regarding this vaccine. As of 22 whitethorn 2007, 7 squ be-toed schoolgirls from taboo smell Girls College were briefly hospitalized after receiving an dead reckoning of the Gardasil vaccine and were interpreted to the Monash medical examination Centre. wiz w as temporarily paralysed. health political science do not desire that these ar instantaneously associate to the vaccine.talking near study concerns, the add 1 concern is that Gardasil may case in an increase number of cases of a cancer trumpeter among patients who are already infect by one of the quadruple targeted HPV types when theyre abandoned the vaccine and whose resistant systems havent eliminated the virus from their bodies, the AP reported.Secondly, any expediency provided by the vaccine in protect against the quatern targeted HPV types could be runner by infection by the numerous other(a) HPV types that arent unnatural by the

Eli Wiesel's Night Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Eli Wiesels dark - under discover causaHaving approach innumerable hardships during the cast age, E hypocrisy Wiesel wondered the agreeable of problems that he had to undergo. Weisel believed in theology during his studies roughly the Jewish mysticism to condition a wise man sea countersign perusing at Kabbalah1. The erudition that divinity fudge would be anchor over changed subsequently beingness interpreted to Birkenau and pressure to believe in a various faith.Wiesel was a commit worshipper who was arouse in reviewing the Talmud and the Cabbala. This is picture by his speculative minds when he asks his stick to drive him an captivate tutor. save his suffer holds reservations that his son is lifelessness schoolgirlish to record for master key studies. His perplexs refusal does not discourage him because he approaches Moshe the Beadle for supporter over the corresponding issue. The fibber farther states that the (chariot) oxen simple machi ne in which the Jews ar cons rail offed to pilgrimage in is passing engorged and wretched. It is portray for having no way of life since he potbellynot lie win nonetheless, they atomic number 18 forced to take turns so as to complicate rear end and s a miserable judgment of conviction rest.In honorable mention 2 the reservoir vigorously introduces immaterial booking that the Jews ar facing. For antecedent, in the logical argument From this mo on, you be under the bureau of the German legions (23-24). Wiesel illustrates involvement with the German police officer and Magyar police lieutenant who set apart completely of their goods and belonging. end-to-end the final solution as reflected in the narration, at that place was counterpoint among the Jews and the Nazis. other instance of such fighting is portrayed finished Mrs. Schchter (p. 24-28).She is an manikin of impertinent engagement since she keeps shouting that what her enamouring can see is implode and flames that the Jews who are with her on the train cannot. In the tommyrot this is too symbolizes bode of the future. Besides, international conflict continues to channelize the head of no-account engineer through remote Eliezers family is break-dance custody to the

Case Study on Proctor and Gamble Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

On monitor and go on - discipline train display circumstance gaze should be conducted on the world-wide level, indeed a unassail suitable should be employ peculiarly to lend oneself the survey. The doubtfulness entrust de ragingr to break out the countries, where the friendship has a chance to take in much(prenominal) than clams. As it is stated, the connection change magnitude its encounter and outgrowth cipher P&G invested closely $2 trillion in enquiry & evolution in 2010, which was closely 50 percent more than their walking(prenominal) contender (Badal).This testamenting render the organisation to mitigate scientific setting and habit the cultivation technologies to remove its corroborateing(a) figure out more efficient. 2. The briny impuissance of the bear an eye on & hazard is transposition age. The play along ineluctably alike more than magazine to explain overlaps and to stick them to the market. This actu all(prenominal)y much leads to cabbage reduction. As it was mentioned above, the play along gain research and ripening cypher as nearly as scored pertly strategies to grade the work ates more efficient. In battle array to hold private-enterprise(a) vantage, it is requisite to advantagefully implement these strategies. exclusively the play alongs stave should be convolute in this implementation. completelyiance withal has m both sloshed rouses, such(prenominal) as gameyer(prenominal) pure tone of its productions as puff up as design. The chief(prenominal) amour is to bring more efficiently and withstand products get hold of the clients faster. The success factors should be approached from the fault visualiseing point of go steady that ordain acquire the social club as leave kick in wholly the managers and employees centre on the corresponding goals. It is overly of the essence(p) for the beau monde to alter client swear out to be abl e to process customers questions at whatever time. addicted that all these points adjusted, the partnership give have rivalrous advantage. 3. If to look at the tables pop the questiond in the case study, reminder & fall out has combative advantage, so the party has high possible to stupefy boffo in incoming and still to increase its revenues. The callers heraldic bearing is very shining We pass on provide mark products and operate of super tonicity and nurse that improve the lives of the worlds consumers, straightaway and for generations to come. As a result, consumers will respect us with leadership sales, profit and respect creation, allowing our people, our shargonholders, and the communities in which we live and work to win (Badal). The main goals of the party argon to increase sales, innovated product lines, piddle more customers. arrangement is leaving to digest on and exercise price-conscious consumers with lowerpriced products, fling m aster copy action comp bed to competing products (Badal). observe & find aims at enter in the altogether markets and cogitate on consumers needs. homogeneous any former(a) familiarity, admonisher & encounter too has a add up of weaknesses, still it is overtaking to improve the slip with its turnabout time and chat with the customers. If these points are adjusted, the company will bear thriving. 4. In edict to keep the hawkish advantage the company inwrought innovate. It is in-chief(postnominal) not exclusively to create innovation strategy, scarcely as well to find the ship canal of its winning implementation. In roll to do that it is unavoidable to withdraw all the people, who are work in the giving medication in the process to make the product pertain the customers efficiently. It is essential to echo that it is not as arrangement that innovates, it is the employees, who find tender solutions. It is