Essay about Othello the General - 1690 Words

Othello: the General The character of the Moor in William Shakespeare’s tragic drama Othello is noble to the point of heroism, but unfortunately also gullible and susceptible to the sinister, destructive genius of his ancient Iago. The most radical change during the course of the drama is undergone by the protagonist, the Moor. Robert Di Yanni in â€Å"Character Revealed Through Dialogue† states that the deteriorated transformation which Othello undergoes is noticeable in his speech: Othello’s language, like Iago’s, reveals his character and his decline from a courageous and confident leader to a jealous lover distracted to madness by Iago’s insinuations about his wife’s infidelity. The elegance and control, even the†¦show more content†¦And as the full enormity of his deed dawns upon him in the great scene of tragic self-revelation at the end, the audience may perhaps experience catharsis, that purgation of the soul brought about by an almost unbearable pity for him and his victims, and by terror at what human nature is capable of and what pitfalls await us in life. Throughout the play, the audience posses the information which Iagos victim does not have; the viewers know all along what Othello does not know. From that omniscient view, they look upon this tortured human being with a strong sense of the irony and tragedy of his position. (39) From the text of the play a number of clues can be gleaned which round out the description of the general. In William Shakespeare: The Tragedies, Paul A. Jorgensen describes the general in Othello: Though scarcely the â€Å"barbarian† (1.3.353) he is called, the Moor is emphatically black, probably rough, even fearsome, in appearance, and a foreign mercenary from Mauritania in refined Venice. Though of royal blood, since the age of seven he had a restrictive, painful life, being sold into slavery and spending most of his life in â€Å"the tented field† (1.3.85). His â€Å"occupation† (3.3.357), to a degree found in no other Shakespearean hero, is war. He can therefore speak of the great world little â€Å"more than pertains to feats ofShow MoreRelatedEssay General Othello in Othello1267 Words   |  6 Pages   Ã‚  Ã‚   William Shakespeare gave us a most moving drama in Othello. In this play we witness the demise of a â€Å"paragon† of a wife and a â€Å"valiant Moor†, Othello. Let us consider the Moor in detail, with professional critical input, in this essay. From the text of the play a number of clues can be gleaned which round out the description of the general. In William Shakespeare: The Tragedies, Paul A. Jorgensen describes the general in Othello: Though scarcely the â€Å"barbarian† (1.3.353) he is calledRead MoreEssay about Othello, or the Fall of a General1061 Words   |  5 PagesOthello, or the Fall of a General  Ã‚        Ã‚  Ã‚   Othello, the general and protagonist in William Shakespeare’s tragic drama Othello, is an amazing individual in many respects. Let us in this essay explore his character in depth, along with critical opinion.    Blanche Coles in Shakespeare’s Four Giants praises Othello as a superior being:    In Act I, Scene III, the â€Å"valiant Othello,† as the Duke calls him, comes into the august presence of the Venetian senators. He enters with othersRead MoreOthello As A Powerful General Of The Venetian Army1991 Words   |  8 Pagesplay tells the story of a powerful general of the Venetian army, Othello, whose life and marriage are ruined by a conniving, deceitful, and envious soldier, Iago. The literary work of Othello focuses on themes such as the dangers of jealousy, race, and manipulation. Iago is Othello s ambitious ensign. Othello promotes Michael Cassio to the position of personal lieutenant and Iago is deadly jealous. Iago begins an evil and malicious campaign against the hero. Othello elopes with Desdemona but Iago startsRead More Othello: the General and His Fall Essay examples1878 Words   |  8 PagesOthello: the General and His Fall  Ã‚        Ã‚  Ã‚   The noble Othello in the Shakespearean play of that name has no one to blame but himself; his suicide results. Is his downfall resulting from his naivete and gullibility? Let us study and expose this famous character in this essay.    Francis Ferguson in â€Å"Two Worldviews Echo Each Other† describes how Othello carries out Iago’s plan of destruction:    Othello moves to kill Desdemona (Act V, scene 2) with that â€Å"icy current and compulsiveRead MoreOthello Tragic Flaw1643 Words   |  7 PagesKapoor Professor Shapiro English 220.03 20 October 2017 It Is Othello’s Own Faults In Shakespeare’s Othello, Othello is a highly acclaimed general and because of his many achievements he has transcended stereotypes projected upon Moors in Venetian society. Desdemona and the nature of her affair, although it is false, is considered to be the root cause of Othello’s downfall and violent demise. Othello feels anxious about the racist nature engrained in Venetian society and eventually projects this mannerRead MoreEssay about Jealousy in Shakespeares Othello1450 Words   |  6 PagesJealousy in Shakespeares Othello  Ã‚        Ã‚   Othello features jealousy as the dominant motive for action and therefore just as reflected in real life we bare witness to jealousy influencing the characters of Iago, Brabantio, Roderigo, and Othello. In this essay I shall be attempting to examine this theme in depth drawing comparison between jealousy and the consequential action.   The dominance of jealousy as the chief causative force of action in the drama is very obvious to most critics. InRead MoreIn Shakespeare’s Othello, race is a concept that is only minimally explored. Characters in the play1400 Words   |  6 PagesIn Shakespeare’s Othello, race is a concept that is only minimally explored. Characters in the play assume that, since they are English, they are superior and foreign characters (like Othello the Moor) are inferior. This is not questioned much at all, and in fact it is assumed outright that Othello is indeed a lesser man because of his skin color and the ways in which characters like Iago and Roderigo treat him. While an early modern audience would accept this concept without hesitation, an audienceRead MoreOthello, By William Shakespeare1515 Words   |  7 PagesShakespeare’s Othello is seemingly about the blooming affection between a man and a woman. However, it is a love story gone wrong—or is portrayed as so by the author. In the historical context of Othello, which is set during the Turkish-Venetian war in the 16th century, it is essential to emphasize that Othello is the love story between Othello, the Moorish general, and Desdemona, the Venetian lady. This racial difference is most problematic to the eyes of the white Venetian society, allowing charactersRead MoreOthello the Outsider1570 Words   |  7 PagesShakespeare portrays Venice as incredibly advanced for its time. This is seen especially though its democratic justice system, as we are shown that in Act One everybody has a voice regardless of their colour or sex. The fact that Othello has obtained the high position of â€Å"general† within the army suggests that his chances have by no means been restricted by the colour of his skin. Also the fact that he is treated with the utmost respect from the Duke, the highest authority in Venice, shows that the colourRead MoreThe Tragedy Of Othello By William Shakespeare1175 Wor ds   |  5 PagesProfessor Duke The Tragedy of Othello In Shakespeare’s The Tragedy of Othello, Desdemona’s relationship makes us question: What is love? Desdemona is a young beautiful white woman, who is the daughter of a prominent Venetian senator. Desdemona is her father’s pride and joy, however she refuses to marry any of the rich, handsome Venetian men that her Father and everyone else thinks are suitable for her. Desdemona marries General Othello who is an older black man. Othello is accused of stealing her

Different Approaches And Theories On The Brain And The Way...

There are believed to be four different approaches and theories on why we behave the way we behave. The 4 main approaches are biological, cognitive, psychodynamic and behavioural. I shall be talking about all four approaches and all the main research techniques and also the strengths and limitations of the approaches. The first approach is the biological approach; the biological approach believed that all behaviour is believed to have a biological basis. It is focused on the nervous system and physiological and biochemical determinants and on the evolutionary basis of behaviour and the role of genetics. They believe it is caused by abnormal activity in the nervous system, the things that we feel, say or do are caused by electrochemical events, these are known occur within and between neurones, and these make up our nervous system, it especially effects the neurones that are in the brain. Bio-psychologists believe that the development of our brain and the way we behave is also caused by the genes of a person, the genes are what we inherit from out parents, which means our behaviour can be influenced by genetic factors. So in conclusion the genes that we inherit are the reason of our evolution. Also a large amount of bio- psychologists think that the characteristics of both behavioural and psychological may be an explanation of evolution. Our brain is believed to be split in two different areas and structures and bio- psychological explanations are often focuses andShow MoreRelatedIs The Theory Of Basis Data Scientific?1163 Words   |  5 Pagesscientific? The trait/biological approach is a little scientific. The data used to establish the traits does not include a large and diverse sample. The theorists who did collect data collected it from individuals whose personalities supported their theories. Raymond Cattell collected three types of data: L-data (behavior in everyday situations), Q-data (self-reported questionnaires), and OT-data (objective tests). With the data, Cattell ran a factor analysis and if the data correlated, they would beRead MoreFoundations of Psychology Paper785 Words   |  4 Pagesunderstand a person they need to know the person’s biology, psychological experience, and cultural context. What people experience during their life from birth to adulthood is what shapes how they feel and think. Early psychologists established several approaches and schools of thoughts of psychology. They came up with these by research and study which will be discussed throughout this paper. * Biopsychology perspective: Is a school of thought in psychology. Biopsychology is the field that examinesRead MoreThe Question in the Origins of Psychology is What Drives Us and Why722 Words   |  3 Pagesthat it was concerned with internal behavior that can`t be observed or measured Functionalism was formed as a direct reaction from structuralism. Functionalism was greatly influenced by the works of William James and Charles Darwin`s evolutionary theory. Instead of focusing of the elements of consciousness, Functionalism focuses on the purpose of consciousness and its behavior in a more systematic and accurate manner. (Cherry) An American scholar, William James expanded the traditional view of psychologyRead MorePsychological Approaches Of Health And Social Care Service Provision1215 Words   |  5 PagesThis essay will include explanation of the different psychological approaches to health and social care. It will compare two psychological approaches to health and social care service provision. It will also evaluate two psychological approaches to health and social care service provision. As I explained in (p1-explanation of the principal psychological perspectives), the behaviourist approach states that we are born at a blank state, therefore all of our behaviour are as a response to a stimulusRead MoreThe, Biological And Humanistic Approaches And Will Compare And Contrast Assumptions On Human Behavior1347 Words   |  6 PagesIn psychology there are many different approaches to understanding the complexity of human behaviour, all of which have different methods of testing what factors can influence behaviour, varying from scientific to pure assumption in an attempt to understand human behaviour. This essay with explain the key ideas of the behaviourist, biological and humanistic approaches and will compare and contrast their assumptions on human behaviour. According to McLeod (2017), behaviourism is an approach in psychologyRead MorePsychoanalytical Approach And Cognitive Approach1434 Words   |  6 Pagesself control. The control comes from the ego which makes us think before we act. The ego is developed at the age of 2 years. The ego guides the Id by the realty principle. The ego finds the safest and socially suitable way to satisfy the Ids needs without hurting anyone. The superego has sense of right and wrong. The superego develops from 4 years old. The superego is the parent within that tries to keep you stable. Therefore we are always remembering what our parents taught us the rights and wrongsRead MoreCognitive Psychology Definition Paper1387 Words   |  6 Pagesis the â€Å"science† term for the process of thought.† Its usage varies in different ways in accordance with different disciplines: For example, in psychology and cognitive science, it refers to an information processing view of an individuals psycholo gical makeup. It addresses the questions of how psychological/cognitive functions are produced by the neural circuitry. Cognitive psychology is the bases for most learning theories today, so it has made its mark to never be erased. This work would emphasizeRead MoreHow Psychology Is The Scientific Study Of Behavior And Mental Processes849 Words   |  4 Pagesdraw conclusions. Behavior is anything that we do that is visible by another person, and mental processes are the thoughts and feelings that we experience but that are not noticeable by another person. For thousands of years, people all around the world have been asking the question why? Over the years, people have made up their own stories to explain to others why things are the way they are. These stories get passed on through families and make their way down the lines of each generation. These storiesRead MoreWe ve Got The Dirt On Guy Brains By Dave Barry951 Words   |  4 PagesIn Dave Barry’s article â€Å"We’ve Got the Dirt on Guy Brains† and the Deborah Tannen’s â€Å"Sex, Lies, and Conversation† , the authors discussed the difference between men and women in terms of specific issues. However, their opinions of what reasons have led to certain differences diverged. This essay aimed at providing a detailed examination of both articles by comparing some of the points. First of all, I will discuss the shared point of both articles regarding the differences of men and women. ThenRead MoreThe Biological And Behavioral Approaches Essay1540 Words   |  7 PagesIN PSYCHOLOGY There are several approaches or perspectives in psychology. This essay will focus on the Biological and Behavioural approaches. The first section of this paper will give an overview on these approaches, giving an account of their assumptions on human behaviour. It will review methodology used and evaluate their strengths and weakness. Followed by a closer look at a key theorists in the field. It will then take a closer look at how these approaches have contributed to the understanding

Compromise Of 1850 Free Essays

By the 1850’s the Constitution had become a source of sectional discord and tension due to the different interpretations taken by the North and South. The North’s interpretation was that slavery was immoral and not protected under the Constitution. The South, on the other hand, interpreted the Constitution as recognizing slavery where it existed. We will write a custom essay sample on Compromise Of 1850 or any similar topic only for you Order Now In addition, the acquisition of new land brought into question the expansion of slavery and the balance of power between the free states and slave states. The interpretations that both sides vindicated were irreconcilable; slavery was a necessity to the Southern way of life, and Northerners shared different views; effective compromises could not be achieved and ultimately this led to failure of the Union that the Constitution had created. After the Missouri Compromise had established the 36. 30? line that divided the national domain between the North and South, the Compromise of 1850 threatened to break the sectional balance. The admission of California as a free state would create an imbalance in the senate, which stood at 15 states each for the North and South. This is evident from Document A. Essentially, admitting California would grant greater political power to free states, and therefore create a conflict between the North and South. However, the admission of the Utah and New Mexico territory under the premise of popular sovereignty almost guaranteed that they would be slave states; it was mainly inhabited by Southerners and the climate was more conducive for Southern products, namely cotton. The sectional sentiment that was aroused by the Compromise of 1850 is obviously present in Document B, a letter from an anonymous Georgian. In his â€Å"Plain Words for the North† the Georgian emphasizes that the Constitution â€Å"recognizes slavery where it exists† and that unless this view is respected by the North, the â€Å"destruction [of the Constitution] is inevitable. † However in Document E, Garrison, an extreme abolitionist whose motto was â€Å"No Union with Slaveholders. argued that the Constitution â€Å"never intended to give any protection or countenance to the slave system†. Thus the question arises, â€Å"Does the Constitution protect slavery as an institution? † Since the framers of the Constitution did not explicitly condone or embrace slavery, the decision was left to Congress, the President, and the courts to supplement and implement any judgment concerning the issue. Although slavery was not mentioned in the Constitution, the context of it essentially supports slavery – many of the signers of the Constitution were slave owners. However, Northerners such as Emerson, (Document D) who addressed the Fugitive Slave Law, argued that slavery was immoral and foresaw the ending of the Union. Southerners, on the other hand, saw slavery as their natural right and regarded the three-fifths clause as evidence that slaves did not hold the rights of citizenship. Southerners were aided in their argument by the Supreme Court decision Dred Scott (1857), which ruled that African Americans had no civil rights, and that the Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional. Although the decision was made on the basis of the interpretation of the Constitution, it also reflected the susceptibility of the court to be influenced by personal views and politics – several of the justices were slave owners. Even though the court decision settled the question of slavery expansion and strengthened the South’s position, it ironically fueled the Republican movement after the defeat of the Lecompton constitution and the admittance of Kansas as a free state. Aided by the anti-slavery sentiment in the North, which had the majority of the electoral votes, the Republican party, led by Abraham Lincoln, was able to win the Election of 1860. With virtually no support in the South and only 40 percent of the popular vote, the election of Lincoln was a terrible political defeat for the southerners; he had been elected to office on the strength of the anti-slavery ballot. This revealed the importance of the electoral vote and the inability of the Constitution to establish equitable voting methods. After Lincoln’s election in 1860, South Carolina, which saw secession as the only alternative left to protect their way of life and liberty, challenged federal authority and attempted to coerce other southern states to join them. On February 7, 1871, seven slave states declared independence, joined the Confederate States of America and elected Jefferson Davis president. In Davis’ message to the Confederate Congress (Document H), he expressed his view that the Constitution set up a compact between independent states, rather than a national government made up of states. The misconception that the Constitution set up a national government, he said, was the perception of a certain political school in the North. In contrast, Lincoln’s message in Document I, questions how the Southern States (Secessionists) could withdraw from the Union without the consent of the other states. As these two documents have pointed out, the different interpretations by which Northerners and Southerners interpreted the Constitution was one of the main sources of sectional discord and tension. Despite efforts at preserving the Union, social and economic forces were pulling the North and South apart. Both were progressing, but divergently. Northern society was being cultured by the industrial revolution, and by educational and humanitarian movements that had little effect in the South. Southern society was dominated by agriculture, and therefore slavery was a necessary institution and way of life. Since the North and South were essentially two different societies united under one common law, it seemed inevitable that the conflict over slavery and political power would arise. It would have been impossible to accommodate the differences between the North and South under one law that applied to both. How to cite Compromise Of 1850, Essay examples Compromise of 1850 Free Essays The Compromise of 1850 was a series of acts passed in 1850, by which the United States Congress hoped to settle the strife between the opponents of slavery in the North and slave owners in the South. There is much speculation about how our country would be without this Compromise. The Compromise is a major stepping stone in United States history because of its many forces and provisions. We will write a custom essay sample on Compromise of 1850 or any similar topic only for you Order Now California’s admission to the Union would tip the balance in favor of free states—sixteen free states to fifteen slave states. A balance had been achieved with the Missouri Compromise of 1820, which tried to settle the growing slavery issue at that time by admitting Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state. The proposed admission of California in 1850 was further complicated by unresolved slavery questions in the vast southwestern territory that had been ceded to the United States after the war with Mexico ended in 1848 with the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. As he had done with the Missouri Compromise thirty years earlier, U. S. Senator Henry Clay of Kentucky attempted to find a solution in 1850. This time the stakes were higher—the real possibility that the Union would break apart. Now seventy-one years old and in ill health, Clay gave his last great speech to the Senate on February 5–6, 1850, outlining the many features of the compromise, which once again tried to give satisfaction to both sides, and staking his reputation upon its passage. It was Senator Stephen Douglas of Illinois, though, who successfully crafted the measures. The Compromise of 1850 called for the admission of California as a free state as well as the organization of the ceded southwestern land into the territories of New Mexico and Utah, without mention of slavery. It stated that, when the territories became states, voting citizens living in those territories could then decide on their slavery status, a solution known as popular sovereignty. The compromise also settled the boundary dispute between Texas and New Mexico and called for prohibition of slavery in the District of Columbia. But by far the most contentious part of the Compromise of 1850 was the Fugitive Slave Act. It was the second of such acts, the first having been passed in 1793. Southern states demanded it largely in response to the growing number of fugitive slaves who were escaping to freedom in the North or into Canada. The act not only called for the return of runaway slaves, as the previous law had done, but prohibited the fugitives a trial by jury or even to testify in their own behalf. In addition, marshals in the North who did not enforce the law were given heavy penalties, as were those who helped slaves to escape. The act was so severe and the outrage against it in the North so intense that it led to heavy abuses and therefore defeated its own purpose. Some Northern states passed personal liberty laws to defy the Fugitive Slave Act. The number of escapees increased, as did the number of abolitionists who took up the cause against slavery. Putting the law into effect only led to more animosity between North and South, and when South Carolina justified its secession from the Union in December 1860, it listed the personal liberty laws as one of its grievances. The Fugitive Slave Act was not repealed until June 28, 1864, well into the Civil War. The Compromise of 1850 accomplished what it set out to do — it kept the nation united — but the solution was only temporary. Over the following decade the country’s citizens became further divided over the issue of slavery. The rift would continue to grow until the nation itself divided. How to cite Compromise of 1850, Papers

The Culpability of Juvenile in our Justice System Essay Sample free essay sample

Abstraction An dismaying state of affairs continues to endanger the modern society as the offense rate committed by young person is increasing in Numberss. The age of the culprits of offense is traveling down. An efficient juvenile justness system is really of import in one’s state to guarantee the protection of the immature wrongdoers. This paper contains a description of the juvenile justness system and the processs being followed in the juvenile tribunals. The paper besides discusses the decreased personal blameworthiness of immature wrongdoers under the jurisprudence. The paper attempts to give an overview of the justness system and to depict grounds and major premises of the diminished personal blameworthiness of the juveniles. Introduction The modern-day society is disturbed by the dismaying addition in the figure of young person who are engaged in condemnable activities. In the twelvemonth 2000. there were 2. 369. 400 apprehensions recorded affecting kids. and 363. 500 of these apprehensions were categorized as larceny. The Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention ( OJJDP ) remarked that larceny histories for the greatest cause of young person apprehension ( Einstein Law. 2008 ) . This peculiar statistic raises considerable concern from the members of the society. peculiarly in footings of the immature children’s capableness to travel through a test. The young person of today’s universe are greatly different from the kids before. There is this intelligence event wherein five male childs beat violently a adult male and his boy. Harmonizing the Associated Press. the male child ended up throwing sticks and rocks to the adult male who was playing cricket with his boy. The adult male had a break on his cheek. fell down. had a bosom onslaught. and died. The male childs were charged and sentenced of two old ages in a young person detainment centre in England ( Young. 2008 ) . The male childs were believed to be around the age of 10 to 12 old ages old. and it raised contention. but the tribunal says that they are accountable for the decease of the adult male and that the kids committed a offense ( Young. 2008 ) . The instance is rather bothering as it makes one think that kids can really ache or even kill people. The figure of kids who are able to continue their artlessness is traveling down over the unit of ammunition of the decennary. The overall consequence of the intensifying rate of the figure of kids engage in condemnable activities is rather annihilating as the age of the committers of offense goes down. Its impact to the society is really distressing. Several lending factors in the society significantly influence kids to take part in juvenile offenses. For case. exposure to sex. force. and other harmful stuffs has an consequence on their point of view. Losing their childhood artlessness and nucleus values that should be present in them places them in a state of affairs which they are unable to manage or pull off. doing them vulnerable to perpetrate offenses ( Young. 2008 ) . One of the facets of the juvenile justness system that is being debated is the blameworthiness of the kids. their competency in defying tribunal tests. and how they respond to intervention. The intelligence of an stripling may resemble that of grownups. but the other facets of their ego. like the psychosocial. is non to the full developed. They have hapless judgement because they are unprompted. They are susceptible to coerce from people around them. They besides do non to the full see the hereafter and what it holds for them. and they undermine the effects of the offense ( Steinberg. 2007 ) . Their immatureness is a thing to see if they are competent in take parting in the proceedings of the tribunal tests. Young person who committed offenses can change the class of their lives. 10 per centum of the young person wrongdoers evolve in being chronic and frequent offense wrongdoers ( Steinberg. 2007 ) . The job of young person offense rooted in assorted causes that may act upon the young person in perpetrating themselves to activities that are harmful to others and to themselves to which they are incognizant of. The sudden eroding of the nucleus values of kids remain as the chief perpetrator of the current state of affairs of young person wrongdoers. Parent must go on to steer their kids in the things they are exposed to for the consequence these might hold on their construct of ego. Juvenile Justice System A really of import facet of the overall justness system is the juvenile justness system where young person wrongdoers are tried and sentenced. It is rather hard to develop an effectual and just juvenile justness system. The policymakers are holding trouble in equilibrating the of import considerations in make up ones minding this type of justness system. These are the public assistance of young person who committed offenses and how to guarantee public safety. Over the old ages. the juvenile justness system swung from one side to the other. unable to make up ones mind which to follow ( Steinberg. 2007 ) . The history of the juvenile justness system verifies this peculiar circumstance. Early reformists view juvenile justness system as a system that is protective and seeks rehabilitation of the vulnerable kids who commit offenses. The indulgent intervention of the juvenile tribunals to youth wrongdoers raised concerns and negative comments from members of the society who are guaranting public safety. In response to the negative appraisal of the juvenile justness system. critics developed a system that punished young person for the offense they committed. The drastic alterations include minimal sentencing guidelines and transportation to the condemnable tribunals ( Dunn. 2008 ) . During the early old ages. juveniles were treated similar grownups as they were reprehensively responsible for the offenses they committed. A common jurisprudence. nevertheless. saved kids who aged below seven old ages old due to the belief that they commit offenses accidentally. Progressive reformists. on the other manus. respond to the theories that the young person are being given justness in the grownup tribunal system. Hence. they developed a system protecting the vulnerable populations and the juvenile justness system was born which prioritizes the involvement of the kid. Rehabilitation is one of the best developments in the juvenile justness system as they thought of the developmental differences between adolescence and grownups. Adolescents are considered less responsible for their actions and behaviour due to their deficiency of competence and experience. Adolescents are besides more educable and susceptible to alter than grownups. Therefore. rehabilitation is proven effectu al ( Dunn. 2008 ) . In the modern-day society. a batch of people express their concern on the possible harsh intervention to juveniles upon transportation and its negative effects on their psychological wellbeing. The young person is one of the hoarded wealths of the state and should be protected by the justness system. but at today’s province of the justness system. tribunals are striping the right of these young person wrongdoers to get down anew. Since the origin of the 20Thursdaycentury. every province in the state has prosecuted the bush leagues who violated the jurisprudence under the juvenile tribunal. The tribunals besides focused more on intervention. rehabilitation. and protection of the young person wrongdoers instead than penalizing them. In 1980s. there is a dramatic addition in the figure of offense affecting young person. and the concerns on public safety besides increased. In response to the dismaying state of affairs. the legislative assemblies of the 46 provinces lowered the age of young person tried in the grownup tribunal and do penalties more terrible in both juvenile and grownup tribunals. In the U. S. . more than 200. 000 young person wrongdoers are tried in the grownup tribunal each twelvemonth ( Steinberg. 2007 ) . Tests taking topographic point in the juvenile tribunals chiefly focused on rehabilitation of the delinquent young persons who committed offenses. The adulthood of the young person wrongdoers are frequently non taken into history for it was established that juveniles lack adulthood than grownups. As there is an addition in figure of young person tried in grownup tribunals. inquiries were formulated sing their blameworthiness or their culpability for the offense and their competency in take parting in tribunal proceedings. These facets are relevant for these determine theirs capableness to take part to the full in deciding the instance ( Steinberg. 2007 ) . Due Process in the Juvenile Court System The function played by the juvenile justness system is like a parent who seeks the involvement of his kids. The proceedings are informal and protective. The judgement for offenses of young person wrongdoers is based on the background of the wrongdoer and non on the offense and penalty required. The sentences aim to render child’s demands and steer them to effectual intervention. The juveniles were secured of â€Å"confidential proceedings. flexible sentencing. rapid temperaments and the expungement of records† ( Dunn. 2008. p. 33 ) . A polar alteration happened in the juvenile tribunal system due to the claims that certain of import elements are missing in the juvenile tribunal system. Some said that a kid must be given the right to a hearing. every bit good as the right to advocate in any of import tribunal proceeding. A instance that is comparatively of import and important must be transferred to the condemnable tribunal. In short. they argue that a juvenile tribunal system must follow a standard process in carry oning tests ( Dunn. 2008 ) . Furthermore. it was claimed that the tribunal proceedings in the juvenile tribunal system lacks the cardinal constitutional rights given to the accused such as the right to the equal notice of charges. the right for a just and merely hearing. the right to seek advocate. the right to protect oneself in self-incrimination. and the right to confrontation and cross-examination. These claims easy transform the juvenile tribunal system into a condemnable tribunal. The sudden passage affects the important function played by the juvenile tribunal system. From their image as a rehabilitative system they bit by bit transform into a formal tribunal adhering procedural forms. The juvenile tribunal system resembled the grownup condemnable tribunal system ( Dunn. 2008 ) . The resembling of the two tribunal systems increase the figure of offense rates affecting young person and the media coverage in the instances. peculiarly the flagitious offenses committed by young person. Many people began to oppugn the effectiveness of the juvenile tribunal system and their punitory manner in judging young person wrongdoers. In the recent old ages. juveniles were allowed to be tried in the grownup condemnable tribunals. As the juveniles were being transferred. they were deprived of the intervention and rehabilitation that would do them a functional citizen of the society and at their immature age. they were doomed to function their sentence in punitory establishments ( Dunn. 2008 ) . Blameworthiness of Juvenile in our Justice System One of the of import foundations of the U. S. justness system is culpability of the accused or the culprits of offense and non merely the basic premises of the offense. Conventionally. the tribunals consider assorted extenuating factors that may impact the badness of the discourtesy and the equal penalty for that peculiar discourtesy. Impaired decision-making is one of the considerations. It can be caused by mental unwellness or deceleration. Courts besides put into history the fortunes that lead the culprits of offense to transport out such offense. If there is a valid ground why the offense took topographic point. penalty will travel down finally. The background of the wrongdoer is besides considered. if the offense seems to be out of his nature and most likely non to go on once more. the sentence for that offense is lowered ( Steinberg. 2007 ) . Scientists proved the difference in thought of striplings and grownups. They can perpetrate offense impetuously. but other societal and psychological facets must be put into consideration for it besides affects their behaviour. This is the facet of psychosocial adulthood. The mature rational ability is the facet of development closely examined by scientists. It was believed that by the age of 16. the rational ability of striplings closely resembles that of an grownup ( Steinberg. 2007 ) . Another facet that determines the decreased blameworthiness of a juvenile is the short sighted determination devising. It is the ability of a individual to make up ones mind based on short term effects of an action. Adolescents rarely based their determinations on future effects a peculiar action. They formulate determinations by weighing wagess and hazards on their short term effects on the individual. Adolescents besides seek wagess and neglect the hazard which frequently is the perpetrator of their bad judgement ( Steinberg. 2007 ) . Adolescents are besides characterized by hapless impulse control. They take less clip in sing their actions than grownups. Their impulsiveness is manifested in their behaviour and actions. Another characteristic that defines the decreased blameworthiness of juveniles is their exposure to peer force per unit area. These force per unit areas make them take hazards that they should non take. Adolescents fear being in the out-group and be ostracized by their friends. that is why they take the hazard without holding much idea of the effects that will ensue from their actions. Adolescents are immature individuals that are holding trouble doing the right determination because of their deficiency of experience and inability to contemplate on the effects of their behaviour. They favor immediate wagess like the blessing of their friends than the long term effects of perpetrating a offense ( Steinberg. 2007 ) . Juveniles are spared from the sentence of decease punishment as the U. S. Supreme Court ordered that under certain fortunes. juvenile can non be sentenced with decease punishment because of their lessened personal blameworthiness. The tribunal identified three major differences of young person wrongdoer which are below 18 old ages old and grownups. The tribunal said that young person wrongdoers can non be classified with dependability among worst wrongdoers ( American Bar Association [ ABA ] Division for Public Education. 2007 ) . First. the young person wrongdoers show deficiency of adulthood and non to the full developed sense of duty unlike the grownups which make them most likely to perpetrate unpleasant determinations. Second. the juveniles are more vulnerable to peer force per unit area and they have less control over their environment. Last. adolescent’s individuality is non to the full established that makes the offense they commit as a manifestation of their hunt for their existent individuality and service as cogent evidence of their unretrievable character ( ABA Division for Public Education. 2007 ) . These grounds suggest that there is a major difference in the blameworthiness of juvenile and grownups upon perpetrating a offense. The personal lessened blameworthiness of juveniles lowers their sentence or judgement for the offense they committed. Another consideration that has been argued in tribunal is the ability of the juveniles to take part in the condemnable proceedings. There is a major difference in the blameworthiness in perpetrating an alleged offense and the competency of juvenile to stand in a test in tribunal. The latter chiefly refers to the mental province of a individual while the tribunal proceedings are taking topographic point. The U. S. justness system requires the metal competency of the accused of an alleged offense and their apprehension of the processs that will take topographic point and the ability to help their ain advocates. Questions were raised in the tests for juveniles in condemnable grownup tribunals as to whether they have the competency and adulthood to transport out the condemnable proceedings ( Steinberg. 2007 ) . Researches found out that juvenile under the age of 14 old ages old have a limited apprehension on the legal procedures that will take topographic point. They can non to the full pass on the relevant information about their instance. the manner the grownup wrongdoers do. They do non hold adult-like determination devising ability ; their psychosocial facet is non to the full mature and can non do adult-like judgements ( Dunkel A ; Drenkhahn. 2003 ) . All of these furuncles down to the observation that to enable the immature wrongdoers to take part to the full in the condemnable proceedings and established competency in tribunal. they need to be assisted by â€Å"specific back uping processs. rites. inquiries and explanations† and most particularly professional aid ( Dunkel A ; Drenkhahn. 2003. p. 680 ) . If the young person wrongdoers have personal diminished blameworthiness and are spared for equal punishments of their offenses. how are they able to render justness on the portion of the victims? Should the parents be punished excessively? Parents should neer neglect to give counsel to their kids. and kids perpetrating offenses merely shows deficiency of it. Parents should be held accountable for their children’s actions. Since the immature wrongdoers have a lessened personal blameworthiness. absence of just and merely judgement fail to fulfill the other party. In some topographic points like Halifax in United Kingdom. parents are held apt and are required to pay for the belongings offense their childs committed. The Halifax council passed a gesture enabling such jurisprudence ( CBC News. 2006 ) . The aim of such gesture is to deter kids in prosecuting themselves in such offenses and to farther promote the parents to steer and guard their kids. This is merely possible in belongings offenses. but a specific jurisprudence embracing a penalty for parents when their kids commit flagitious offenses is non yet available. The absence of such jurisprudence is one of the factors of the addition in the figure of offenses committed by immature wrongdoers. Personally. I think that parents should be held responsible for their children’s behaviours and actions. They should hold sympathy on the victim and somehow wage regard to the household and relations of the victim. Compensation to the amendss is indispensable. Decision An alarming state of affairs is easy emerging in the modern-day society ; there is a drastic addition in the figure of young person engaged in condemnable activities. The Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention ( OJJDP ) noted that larceny is the offense to which striplings largely engage themselves in. Still. the mere fact that the age of the culprits of offense is traveling down is truly distressing. The constitution of an effectual and efficient juvenile justness system is relevant in a nation’s entire justness system. The function it plays is really important ; it aims to protect the rights and surrogate intervention of the immature wrongdoers. A good juvenile justness system should promote rehabilitation instead than penalty for there is a bigger opportunity that the immature wrongdoers can change their lives than grownups. The chief concern in giving judgements on young person wrongdoers is their blameworthiness or culpability for the offense they committed. The striplings have diminished personal blameworthiness due to certain fortunes and major differences they have with grownups upon perpetrating a offense. Should the parent be punished excessively because of their children’s offense? Parents should be held accountable for the behaviours and actions of their kids. Perpetrating a serious offense reflects deficiency of counsel of parents or defenders of kids. Parents should somehow aid in giving justness on the victims and seek aid for the rehabilitation of their ain kids. They should someway be a tool in deciding the instance and carry their kids to the right way for them non to perpetrate another serious offense. Mentions American Bar Association Division for Public Education. ( 2007 ) .Dialogue on Youth and Justice. Chicago IL: American Bar Association. Retrieved September 9. 2008 from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. abanet. org/publiced/features/DYJfull. pdf CBC News. ( 2006. October 11 ) . Parents should pay for kids’ offenses: Halifax Council.CBCNews. ca. Retrieved September 9. 2008 from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. complete blood count. ca/canada/nova-scotia/story/2006/10/11/parent-responsible. hypertext markup language. Dunkel. F. A ; Drenkhahn. K. ( 2003 ) .Youth Violence: New Patterns and Local Responses- Experiences in East and West. Germany: Forum Verlag Godesberg Dunn. C. ( 2008 ) . Condemning our young person to lives as felons: Imprisoning kids as grownups.Richmond Journal of Law and the Public Interest. Spring 2008. 30–50. Retrieved September 8. 2008 from hypertext transfer protocol: //law. Richmond. edu/rjolpi/Issues_Archived/2008_Spring/dunn. pdf. Einstein Law. ( 2008 ) . Juvenile offense.LawyerShop. Retrieved September 8. 2008 from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. lawyershop. com/practice-areas/criminal-law/juvenile-law/crimes/ . Steinberg. L. ( 2007. October 25 ) . Juveniles in the justness system: New grounds from research on stripling development.Wisconsin Family Impact Seminars. Retrieved September 8. 2008 from hypertext transfer protocol: //familyimpactseminars. org/doc. asp? d=s_wifis25c01. pdf. Young. A. S. ( 2008 ) . Contemplations: Children perpetrating offense and the decease of artlessness.Helium. Retrieved September 8. 2008 from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. He. com/items/657039-reflections-children-committing-crime-and-the-death-of-innocence.

Disguise and Sociaty

Ironic Readings, “The Lottery

Ironic Readings, â€Å"The Lottery Shirley Jackson, the author of the short story, "The Lottery," uses the setting to portray an ironic ending to the story. It begins, "The morning of June 27th was clear and sunny, with the fresh warmth of a full summer day; the flowers were blossoming profusely and the grass was richly green" (255). Jackson starts off telling the story by giving the reader a sense of comfort and stability, by creating a typical town to be peaceful and tranquil. When Jackson says, "the flowers were blossoming profusely and the grass was richly green," she gives the reader a serene feeling about the town (255).Jackson also mentions that school has just recently let out for summer break, which of course allows the children to run around at that time of day. In her story she states, "Bobby martin had already stuffed his pockets full of stones, and the other boys soon followed his example, selecting the smoothest and roundest stones" (255).THE MICHAEL JACKSON & JANET JACKSON COLLECTION CDBy this, she fore shadows what is about to happen in the ending, but doesn't completely give it away. She writes, "The people of the village began to gather in the square, between the post office and the bank" (255). In this case, this sentence proves the smallness of the town, also mentioning that the author didn't include describing a church or a courthouse. Furthermore, there seems to be no central governing body for this town, such as a court or a police station.The author then starts to talk about the details of the story by what she sees and knows, but not mentioning what is inside of the reader's minds. "The villagers kept their distance, leaving a space between themselves and the stool" portraying that there is something bad about the black box that is...

William Faulkner's story A rose for Emily Research Paper

William Faulkner's story A rose for Emily - Research Paper Example The story is an excellent example of strong fiction based story telling skills of Faulkner as it took place in his fictional city Jefferson of fictional country Yoknaparawpha (Kerr, p83). The story delicately knits the waves of past and present to form an intricate and attractive tale that basically aims to convey gratitude and empathy to a woman that encountered series of tragedies in her life and acted very strangely towards her life problems (Constance, p848). The story has been told by an unnamed narrator that uncovers the strange incidents of Emily’s life, her relationship with the people around her and the secret that she was hiding from people. The story describes different phases of her life in different parts. Each of the part focuses upon different time frame and different type of circumstances in the life of Emily. The story became very popular among the masses and critics were also inspired from the Faulkner style due to impressive description of several delicate i ssues and complexities of Emily life in very impressive manner. In the story Faulkner reflects his observations and understanding about abnormal psychology and mysteries solved by the time. He illustrates the relationship between North and South and portrays Emily as tragic heroine. It could be seen as a gothic horror tale or an explanation about strong links between past and present that could influence the behaviours and acts of people in very strange manner (Constance, p848). The intricate phenomenon of link between past and present has been explicitly defined in the story. In face the story is based upon the major theme of depiction of past strongly linked with the present. The dialogue of a major character in the story Gavin Stevens clearly tell about the main message of the story â€Å"The past is never dead. It’s not even past†. This idea has been depicted very beautifully and proficiently in the story because it describes the life of Emily spanning around 74 ye ars and different parts of the story take the readers backward and forward while chasing the occurrences in Emily’s life during different phases (Celia, p2) The description of different phases life of Emily linked with each other indicates that the memories pass from one generation to another and influence the present and future of the people by affecting their thinking and behaviours. For instance, when Emily started dating Homer Barron she was actually trying to feel free from the past control of her father and the traditions that always compel her to be a proper lady with values and norms (Clay, p43). The story spans around 74 years during which the readers could experiences the socio-political changes in Post and Pre Civil War era. It also shows the time when American South was on its midpoint and struggling to seek better ways that could honour the goods of past. The Civil was also ended up the greatness of the Old South that is often depicted in many stories written by Faulkner. He writes on the lines that there are some realities and development that people found difficult to accept and â€Å"the reality and myth are difficult to separate† (Faulkner, p78). The end of the Old South greatness was not easy to accept for many people who refused to accept the change in their position and conditions and it was really tough for them to realize the their old days were gone and the society was heading towards new era. These people tried to live in the golden memories of their past be cherishing their precious memories and strived to maintain the values and customers of South. Miss Emily was also among the people who were trying to live with the faded customs and rituals of the past. The folks of her town were also nostalgic and became

Pros and Cons of Legalizing Drugs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Pros and Cons of Legalizing Drugs - Essay Example The government starts experiencing constraints in sustaining its citizens and therefore is forced to result to heavy borrowing from other nations, non-governmental organizations, World Bank among other financial institutions. The resulting effect is a huge deficit in the balance of payments, which in turn leads to bad debts (Parks 2009). b) High costs incurred- The costs incurred by the government in following up and arresting drug traffickers are high. It involves the use of machines like vehicles and detectors, to track the criminals and this means expenditure has to be incurred. When these criminals have been arrested and prosecuted, they have to be retained in the cells and provided with the basic needs. If any of them falls sick, they have to be taken to the hospital by the government and it settles their medical bills. This all are extra costs incurred which should have otherwise been saved (Bean 2010). Many nations find it unreasonable nowadays to arrest and prosecute drug offenders as that is not helping in any way to reduce the vice and hence the urge to legalize drugs. The graph below compares the total number of people jailed for drug abusing in U.S.A and the total number of people arrested and jailed by the European Union for all offenses:Medical expenditure by the government increases since many fall vic tims of drug abuse. Many of them become addicted to the drugs to a point whereby they cannot do without them, and this means rehabilitation is the only solution to save their lives. The sensitization programs that the government may decide to organize to enlighten the people on the effects of drug abuse and ways of avoiding drug abuse are very costly. c) Increased mortality rate- Due to drug legalization, many drivers will be under the influence of drugs when driving. This increases road accidents hence leading to loss of lives of many civilians and traffic jams in the roads. In addition, since it is legal to use drugs, many people will result to abusing them. Drug abuse may lead to death of the victim at the end because the drugs have their side effects on human health. For example, many people have been abusing pharmaceutical products that are legal and this has resulted in the death of the individuals. These deaths reduce the population of a country, which should have provided the country with enough labor force to maximize output thus profits (Parks 2009). d) Increased war with other nations and terrorism- Many terrorists do abuse drugs so that they can stimulate their bodies for the plans ahead. Many of these drugs affect the reasoning capacity of an individual and

Sustainable management futures Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Sustainable management futures - Assignment Example The concept of CSR consists of attractive or good business ethics and is associated with what could be evaluated ethically or morally good (Robins, 2008). According to Waddock (2004) CSR is â€Å"The separation of company responsibilities which associates with a corporate discretionary/voluntary associations with its community and societal stakeholders.† Corporations view integrating an active CSR subsistence as a contrivance to boost their gung ho benefit with exterior and interior stakeholders (Branco & Rodrigues, 2006).This essay examine the CSR activities and behaviour of Sainsbury in its home country and overseas and evaluates it ethical and environmentally responsible behaviour by applying relevant moral theories and sustainability replicas to date and create recommendations. Sainsbury plc is UK’s leading food merchant with interests in financial and non-food services. The group consists of Bells Stores, Sainsbury’s Supermarkets, Sainsbury’s Bank and Jackson’s Stores. It has more than 145,000 employees working under various groups. The business of Sainsbury business is constructed on a dedication to services and quality since 1869 and its main is to give the best products to its customers at an affordable price. In the year 1996, Sainsbury began official reporting with regards to ecological impact. This reporting was further broadened to Corporate Social Responsibility as reply to greater demand among its shareholders. This essay is further divided in various sections that will help us evaluates it ethical and environmentally responsible behaviour by applying relevant moral theories and sustainability replicas to date and create recommendations. Corporate Social Responsibility and Sainsbury CSR means a lot to Sainsbury, as it means offering their consumers abundant range of good and quality food products at a reasonable price. Besides this it also means offering a fair price to it suppliers a reassurance that they have a consumer for their goods. To Sainsbury, this means enriching their communities via career and employment development prospects along with making profits for their shareholders. Moreover the right usage of valuable resources such as electricity and water and perseverance of the local surroundings is yet another aspect for them. Sainsbury’s major CSR objectives are as follows: Perk up energy efficiency Heave colleague responsiveness of energy expenses and ecological effect Transporting produces more economically by reducing the miles travelled by deliverance fleet and utilising electric motor vehicles in its domicile delivery flotilla. In the theoretical structure Sainsbury’s rank greatly for its Corporate Social Responsibility activities particularly with regards ecological issues. Sainsbury’s has spent in energy competence projects, as well as refrigeration, lighting, ventilation and heating showing the corporate enduring financial dedication to CSR actions. Wi th the help of Carbon Trust, Sainsbury has also made a 5 site waste and energy study in order to perk up existing practice in waste and energy management. In addition, in 2010 they drew strategy to alter 20 percent of its house delivery flotilla to electric motor vehicles (Mintel, 2008) which justifies its high score in the theoretical structure for its inbound logistics. Sainsbury’s CSR Strategies The 1st monitoring strategy in order to assist dairy

Reflection on growth of competency in Clinical Skill

Reflection on growth of competency in Clinical Skill For this essay I am going to reflect upon a clinical skill I have become competent in during my training. I will use a reflective model to discuss how I undertook the skill. I will also discuss the rational and research behind the skill. The model of reflection I have chosen is Gibbs (Siviter, 2004). The Gibbs model of reflection allows the skill to be critically analysed. This is achieved by using the following sub headings; description, feelings, evaluation, analysis, conclusion and an action plan (Siviter, 2004). The skill that I will reflect on in this essay is the administration of an intramuscular Injection (IM). An IM is an injection deep into a muscle (Dougherty Lister, 2008). This route is often chosen for its quick absorption rate and often medication cannot be given via other routes. The reason I have chosen to reflect on this skill is because I have had many opportunities to perform this skill, and at my current practice placement this is the most commonly used method of drug administration. I have undertook many IMs at this placement but I am going to reflect on the first one I undertook which was the administration of Hydroxocobalamin commonly known as vitamin B12 (BNF, 2007) Description During a morning clinic with the practice nurse, I was asked if I would like to administer an IM on the next patient, which was a 26 year old lady who has been suffering from crohns disease which can cause B12 deficiency due to lack of vitamin and mineral absorption (NACC, 2007). I agreed and she briefly went through with me how to do an IM as it had been a while since I had last done one. I called the patient in and asked her to sit down. The patient had come in for her first injection of B12. I chatted to the patient asking her how she was and if she had any concerns. I then gained consent asking her if it was ok for me as a student to administer it under the supervision of the practice nurse. The patient responded with you have got to learn I then prepared the equipment which included two needles, a sharps box, a piece of gauze and the medication. I checked the prescription with the practice nurse, and then checked the ampoule against the prescription. I then drew up the medicatio n with one needle disposing of it in the sharps box and attached the other needle. I then proceeded to administer the medication, after completing the procedure I disposed of the needle in the sharps box and documented it in the patients notes. After the patient had left the nurse explained to me I had done it all correct except I had gone in too far so if the needle broke it would be hard to get it out and that I didnt aspirate to check if I had gone into a vein. Thoughts and feelings After I was asked if I wanted to do the IM I felt very anxious as it had been more than 6 months since the last time I had administered one. But she explained the procedure to me which relieved some of my anxiety. When I first met the patient I was feeling allot more nervous as the patient was roughly my age and I havent had much experience of caring for the younger person. After the procedure when I was told I was wrong for not aspirating I felt annoyed as I was sure I had read that aspirating was no longer necessary. Evaluation Overall I feel that the clinical skill went well as a whole. I followed the instructions from my mentor and what the research has suggested other than feeling a little anxious I performed the skill confidently and correctly. What I feel was bad about the experience is with my communication, which reflecting on I believe was lacking. I communicated with the patient prior to the skill and after the skill, but during I felt I almost forgot there was a patient on the end of the needle. I was so focused on getting the skill right and not causing any pain I didnt talk to the patient throughout the whole thing. Another point that I feel was bad is, I forgot to wear an apron. My mentor never mentioned anything about this although I do feel I should have worn one as its an aseptic technique and its part of the (DOH, 2006) guidelines. Analysis The reason why an IM injection was chosen is because B12 can only be administered via IM (BNF, 2007). I gained informed consent off the patient as this is part the NMC guidelines. (NMC, 2008) As patients have the right to decline treatment. After gaining consent, I then checked the medication against the patients chart to ascertain the following: Drug, Dose, date, route, the validity of the prescription and the doctors signature. This is done to make sure the patient receives the correct drug and dose (NMC, 2008) I then washed my hands using Ayliffes six step technique to reduce the risk of infection and put gloves on as part of DOH 2007 Guidelines . The site that I chose was the mid deltoid site. Hunt (2008) Suggests that this is the best site to use as its easy to access whether the patient is sitting, standing or lying down, it also has the advantage of being away from major nerves and blood vessels. Although Roger (2000) states that only 2ml at most can be injected into the delto id. I was able to proceed with this site as B12 comes in a 1ml dose (BNF, 2007). I asked her if she would prefer to sit or lie down, she said she rather sit, this was ok with me as I am not very tall and found this a comfortable position for me. As the patient was wearing a short sleeve top I asked her to move it up slightly instead of removing it thus allowing her to maintain her privacy and dignity. I then assessed the injection site for suitability checking for any signs of infection, oedema or lesions. This is done to promote the effectiveness of administration and reduce the risk of cross infection (Woorkman, 1999). Holding the needle at a 90 degree angle it is quickly pushed into the muscle. Workman 1999 says this ensures good muscle penetration. I inserted the needle leaving approximately 1/2cm exposed as Workman, (1999) says this makes removing it easier should it break off. At this point I decided not to aspirate as per research (DOH, 2006). After inserting the needle I all owed it to remain there for 10 seconds. As Woorkman (1999) suggest that leaving in situ for 10 seconds allows the medication to diffuse into the tissues. After 10 seconds had past I swiftly removed the needle and applied pressure according to Dougherty Lister (2008) this helps prevent the formation of a haematoma. Immediately after carrying out the skill I disposed of the needle into a rigid sharps container. To ensure health and safety is maintained and the used sharps dont present a danger to me or other staff members as stated by MRHA (2004). After the procedure I documented it within the patients notes as per NMC guidelines and to provide a point of reference if there ever was a query regarding the treatment and to prevent duplicate administration (NMC, Guide lines for records and record keeping, 2005). After the skill I discussed with my mentor that recent evidence suggest that aspirating is unnecessary. According to Workman (1999) the reason for aspirating is to confirm that the needle is in the correct position and to make sure that it has not gone into a vein. The most recent and up to date evidence, says that aspiration is only necessary if using the dorsogluteal  site to check for gluteal artery entry (Hunter, 2008). But official guidance from the World Health Organisation and the Department of Health (DOH, 2006) (WHO, 2004) suggest that this site should no longer be used, thus making aspiration unnecessary. By not aspirating it makes the procedure simpler and less chance of adverse events. Furthermore pharmaceutical companies are making less caustic preparations and in smaller volumes. I discussed this with my mentor and she agreed but stated that it is PCT policy to aspirate, and she would have to continue to follow this practice until the policy was amended. Conclusion Using the Gibbs model of reflection has allowed me to thoroughly analyse the event and allowed me to explore my feelings. I have found out despite the evidence being constantly up to date that not all practitioners knowledge is as up to date, and that trusts are equally as slow to adopt new ideas within their policies and that nurses are governed by policy more than current research. I have also learned that there is a great deal of evidence behind such what on the outside seems to be a simple technique and what I thought I was doing correctly may not always be the case. Action plan I do not doubt I will be carrying out IMs for a long time in my career. I will not be doing much differently in the future as the evidence is underpinning my practice. I will not put the needle in as far as I did on this occasion. In the future I will continue not to aspirate, unless local policy indicates otherwise. In addition I will communicate with the patient throughout the entire skill and not just at the start and end of. Whats more from this event I have realised that learning never stops and what I know now may not be relevant tomorrow.

is there too much reality tv? :: essays research papers

Is there too much reality TV? On the other hand shows like big brother only occur for a certain part of the year, however when big brother is on it is on for a long time therefore it consumes a lot of TV airtime. Even so a lot of the British public enjoy big brother and text in there votes every week. It might also be argued that people only watch reality TV because there is nothing else on TV at these times. On big brother alcohol is the most comely drunk beverage no one drinks water when there’s a bottle of wine to be had this influence young adults with access to alcohol Each year, students spend  £3 billion on alcohol that’s a lot more than they spend on soft-drinks, tea, milk, juice, and coffee. How ever alcohol in reality TV shows some young adults that if they get drunk bad things can happen and people can’t control them selves therefore it may put off some young adults from excessive drinking although youths may want to be like the new celebrities on the TV by drinking and copying there behaviour. Violence is a big issue and not only in reality TV many children see a large quantity of people being murdered on TV, on the contrary murders only occur on reality TV which is fiction e.g. Recreations of past times like the wars. It might also be argued that violence on reality TV is only shown after the watershed which means that parents are responsible for their kids if their children watch these violent shows. Therefore most parents complaining about violence on reality TV are the causes of children watching the violence and possibly copying what they see, and shouldn’t let their children watch the shows after nine o’clock. Television is making England fat. Harvard University researchers discovered that the odds of a child becoming obese have risen from 12 to 20% for each daily hour of television he/she watches. On the other hand reality TV is only a small cause of this on the other hand the snacks people consume while watching reality TV are overwhelmingly high in fat, cholesterol, salt, and sugar, and low in vitamins and minerals. The U.S. Surgeon General has revealed "that 70% of food advertisements are for foods high in fat, cholesterol, sugar, and salt, while only 3% are for fruits and vegetables.

Radiology Report

Diabetic patient with ulcer on the bottom right foot. Images of the feet were obtained in a plane perpendicular to the long axis of the foot. Utilizing a T1-sequence an effective double-echo sequence and in a plane nearly paralleling the long axis of the foot utilizing an effective double-echo sequence. An additional sequence was performed in an attempt to do a fat saturation technique. However, motion artifact degrades the detail on these images limiting the use for evaluation. There is prominent abnormality evident in the right midfoot and forefoot. This consists of abnormally increased soft tissue present, predominantly plantar, medial to the tarsals and proximal to the metatarsals but also dorsal to the proximal metatarsals. At the distal aspect of this abnormality near the metatarsophalangeal joint, there is a prominent defect present in the plantar medial soft tissues extending to this abnormal soft tissue characteristic, suggesting an area of ulceration or surgical defect. Deep to this area of apparent ulceration there is bright T2-signal present at the dorsalateral aspect of the foot at the level of the mid to distal metatarsals suggesting edema and and/or inflammation in the dorsal soft tissues in that region. I do not see definite replacement of the normal bright marrow signal on the T1-sequence within the tarsals or metatarsals. Therefore, I do not see definite osteomyelitis. Certainly the findings are highly suggestive of a rampant cellulitis. Unfortunately, I have no plain films available for correlation at this time. If additional evaluation is required, one could consider combined gallium and bone scanning. In the left foot, I see neither definite remarkable soft tissue abnormalities nor do I see marrow replacement within the tarsals or metatarsals. The phalanges in both feet are rather difficult to evaluate other than the bases of the proximal phalanges of the great toes in which I see no remarkable abnormality.

The eNotes Blog OMG, I Mean, Like, YaKnow

OMG, I Mean, Like, YaKnow I understand that young people often use the word like as a sort of placeholder; that is, a way to pause briefly before carrying on with their thoughts.   While I know I am not the first person to rail against the overuse of like, I still believe it is worth pointing out to students how often they use it. The other day I was following a pair of students as I exited my classroom. In the space of no more than three minutes, I counted a single student, talking to her friend, say the word like forty (as if anyone needs one): I was, like, getting ready to get gas in my car this morning? And my mom was like, I thought you got gas last night? But I was all, like, OMG, no, Mom, I told you, like, me and Kimmy were going to stop this morning and, like, get gas and breakfast and stuff so now I know Im like late and everything? The beating-to-death of the word like is just one of my language pet peeves. You will notice that I also have all of these sentences as interrogatives, for no matter how inane or innocuous the conversation may be, it seems that students are, more often than not, ending any sentence they utter with a question. Is it fear of being wrong? Or at least leaving some room for dissent? I cannot figure it out, personally. You know? A third (but far from final) irritation (my walking student managed to hit all three bases) is the interjection of   Oh my God! for any situation, ranging from car accidents to dropped MMs. There is a wonderful little poem by Billy Collins titled, appropriately, Oh, My God OH, MY GOD Not only in church and nightly by their bedsides do young girls pray these days Wherever they go, prayer is woven into their talk like a bright thread of awe Even at the pedestrian mall outbursts of praise spring unbidden from their glossy lips. Students get irritated when I point these things out, its true. But by the end of the term, I do notice some diminishment. At least in my classroom.

20 Types and Forms of Humor

20 Types and Forms of Humor 20 Types and Forms of Humor 20 Types and Forms of Humor By Mark Nichol Humor comes in many flavors, any of which may appeal to one person but not to another, and which may be enjoyed in alternation or in combination. Here are names and descriptions of the varieties of comic expression: 1. Anecdotal: Named after the word anecdote (which stems from the Greek term meaning â€Å"unpublished†); refers to comic personal stories that may be true or partly true but embellished. 2. Blue: Also called off-color, or risque (from the French word for â€Å"to risk†); relies on impropriety or indecency for comic effect. (The name probably derives from the eighteenth-century use of the word blue to refer to morally strict standards hence the phrase â€Å"blue laws† to refer to ordinances restricting certain behavior on the Sabbath). A related type is broad humor, which refers to unrestrained, unsubtle humor often marked by coarse jokes and sexual situations. 3. Burlesque: Ridicules by imitating with caricature, or exaggerated characterization. The association with striptease is that in a bygone era, mocking skits and ecdysiastic displays were often on the same playbills in certain venues. 4. Dark/Gallows/Morbid: Grim or depressing humor dealing with misfortune and/or death and with a pessimistic outlook. 5. Deadpan/Dry: Delivered with an impassive, expressionless, matter-of-fact presentation. 6. Droll: From the Dutch word meaning â€Å"imp†; utilizes capricious or eccentric humor. 7. Epigrammatic: Humor consisting of a witty saying such as â€Å"Too many people run out of ideas long before they run out of words.† (Not all epigrams are humorous, however.) Two masters of epigrammatic humor are Benjamin Franklin (as the author of Poor Richard’s Almanackand Oscar Wilde. 8. Farcical: Comedy based on improbable coincidences and with satirical elements, punctuated at times with overwrought, frantic action. (It, like screwball comedy see below shares many elements with a comedy of errors.) Movies and plays featuring the Marx Brothers are epitomes of farce. The adjective also refers to incidents or proceedings that seem too ridiculous to be true. 9. High/highbrow: Humor pertaining to cultured, sophisticated themes. 10. Hyperbolic: Comic presentation marked by extravagant exaggeration and outsized characterization. 11. Ironic: Humor involving incongruity and discordance with norms, in which the intended meaning is opposite, or nearly opposite, to the literal meaning. (Not all irony is humorous, however.) 12. Juvenile/sophomoric: Humor involving childish themes such as pranks, name-calling, and other immature behavior. 13. Mordant: Caustic or biting humor (the word stems from a Latin word meaning â€Å"to bite†). Not to be confused with morbid humor (see above). 14. Parodic: Comic imitation often intended to ridicule an author, an artistic endeavor, or a genre. 15. Satirical: Humor that mocks human weaknesses or aspects of society. 16. Screwball: Akin to farce in that it deals with unlikely situations and responses to those situations; distinguished, like farcical humor, by exaggerated characterizations and episodes of fast-paced action. 17. Self-deprecating: Humor in which performers target themselves and their foibles or misfortunes for comic effect. Stand-up comedian Rodney Dangerfield was a practitioner of self-deprecating humor. 18. Situational: Humor arising out of quotidian situations; it is the basis of sitcoms, or situation comedies. Situational comedies employ elements of farce, screwball, slapstick, and other types of humor. 19. Slapstick: Comedy in which mock violence and simulated bodily harm are staged for comic effect; also called physical comedy. The name derives from a prop consisting of a stick with an attached piece of wood that slapped loudly against it when one comedian struck another with it, enhancing the effect. The Three Stooges were renowned for their slapstick comedy. 20. Stand-up: A form of comedy delivery in which a comic entertains an audience with jokes and humorous stories. A stand-up comedian may employ one or more of the types of humor described here. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the General category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:The Royal Order of Adjectives 50 Synonyms for â€Å"Idea†English Grammar 101: Prepositions

Finaince for mangers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Finaince for mangers - Essay Example They are considerably relevant and helpful to properly and fully assess the divisional financial and economic performance. After the critical evaluation, the relevant improvements are recommended accordingly. Quality Products Division The quality products division deals in furniture items made by hand and the raw natural materials are made part of it. Due to its quality products, this division has significantly contributed into the exports, especially in the Middle East. However, to critically understand the actual financial position of this division, the financial position and the audit comments are taken into account. Financial position 2007 2008 2009 Gearing (TL/TL+SC) 100% 53.98% 52.65% 52.32% Return on investment [PBIT / (TA – L)] x100% (Loss) 16.24% 18.96% Gross profit (gross profit/turnover) 100% 38.89% 40.43% 41.36% Profit before interest (profit before interest/turnover) 100% (loss) 5.70% 6.37% Profit after interest (PAI/Turnover)100% (Loss) 1.97% 3.34% Overseas Turno ver (overseas turnover/turnover) 100% 53.79% 44.51% 36.59% These are fundamental indicators of financial position of any corporate entity. ... Gross profit and profit before interest, profit after interest figures are slightly improving and on yearly basis, they provide 2 to 3% growth in these figures. With so much potential in the markets, local and foreign markets, this division’s gross profit and profit before tax are not increasing as they should be. In addition, this division has been more stable and in demand in the markets of Middle East, however, its recent decreasing overseas turnover highlights some of worrying signs for this division. This is negatively affecting the gross profit and profit before tax figures as well. Additionally, there are no positive audit comments for this division; the audit management letter clearly highlights that some quality control problems with a new range of adjustable chairs for senior citizens. As this industry considerably depends on the quality, such kind of quality control problems may reduce the number of customers. Additionally, the audit management letter points out tha t in every month 20 boxes of flat-packed chairs and desks are disappearing from the one of the division’s outlets. Improvements Profits can be improved by entering into the contract segment of the industry. This segment accounts for 29% of the entire furniture industry. For achieving that aim, the division is required to more concentrate on quality issues which are recently highlighted in the audit management letter. In addition, the disappearance of chairs and desks must be reduced by introducing some physical controls such as only authorized persons should be allowed to enter into the internal parts of the outlets and each incoming and outgoing shipment of desks

The Five Porter Forces Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Five Porter Forces - Essay Example This is thus applicable to the Coke and Pepsi industries who are major rivals in the production of carbonated soft drinks. The structure of the concentrated producers is such that a blend of the raw material ingredient  is produced, packaged in plastic canisters and taken to the bottlers. Concentrate producers add artificial sweeteners to carbonated drinks while the bottlers add sugar or high fructose is making the process of the former to be less capital intensive than the latter. Production cost is low under the concentrate producers with little capital being used on machinery, labor and overheads and still ensuring that production can serve the whole of the United States (Greenwald & Kahn 91). Innovation and sophistication is a key goal in the firm with high investments awarded to marketing, advertising, research, promotion and bottler support. However, key emphasis is given to the development of customer development agreements with other advanced companies to promote marketing strategies and employment of many people to meet the production demand Bottlers on the other hand add sugar, carbonated water, high fructose corn syrup to the concentrates and packed it ready for delivery to customers. The sales include maximization of space, positioning of brand, setting displays and points of sale and coming up with promotional activities. The process of the bottlers is capital intensive, involves high speed and high cost the o produce a package that is of similar type and size. Much of the system is capital intensive with major investments being accounted for trucks and distribution process. The industry structure of the concentrate producers is more attractive based on the model provided by Porter on industrial framework.  

Contract law Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Contract law - Case Study Example Sunburst deliberately breached the agreed full specification to make extra profit by selling the plaintiff’s wood to a different client. 2. The case is exceptional and normal remedy is inadequate in compensating the breach of contract and thus an order on the defendant to account for all profits. Sunburst had harmed the plaintiff by leading to the loss of amenity and making a profit of 6000. The sale of the mahogany to a different client in the pursuit of greater profits was a breach of the contract. The court should ensure that the defendant does not benefit from the breach of contract by disgorging the profits to the plaintiff. The remedy of 1000 is not enough as remedy to the plaintiff as they will suffer the loss of amenity and the value of their preferred type of mahogany. 3. The case should ignore the general rule of duty to mitigate loss which is applicable to the claim of damages as in the case of White & Carter (Councils) Ltd v McGregor  [1961]. Hasting should not be obliged to accept the breach of contract and should be compensated in full the value of the initial mahogany to be used  £30000  or get a replacement of the mahogany used as opposed to the  £1000  damages. Sunburst harmed the plaintiff by leading to the loss of amenity and making a profit of 6000. The sale of the mahogany to a different client in the pursuit of greater profits was a breach of the contract. The court should ensure that the defendant does not benefit from the breach of contract by disgorging the profits to the

International Business Opportunities Essay Example for Free

International Business Opportunities Essay Commercial poultry farming is a relatively stable business venture. It involves breeding hens and selling eggs. An entrepreneur can commence this business with little initial capital. It is a tedious business but the returns are worthwhile. The intake of chicken in the globe is rising each year. Foreign markets like China are abounding with potential. The human resource is low-priced there, thus, the expenses of reproducing chicken are fairly little. In addition, the superior technology and apparatus enable the farm to generate high quality of goods. The business risks involved are disease control (Jomo, 2003). The owner must ensure that the fowl do get infected by any illness. The effects of this are disastrous since the chances of spreading are very high. Another risk is vacillations in market prices (Jomo, 2003). Nevertheless, if the all the factors work in your favor, you can make a lot of profit within a relatively short time. Corn farming can be a gainful commercial undertaking. Corn is a staple food in many parts of the globe. Ethanol production is an added benefit in this business (McKibben, 2007). The foreign market potential for this business is quite limited. A lot of US corn is genetically modified. There are quite a number of concerns regarding genetically altered foods. Therefore, they are not accepted in the countries they are exported to. This leads to loss of revenue (Fussell, 2004). The decision to plant altered corn or not should be made with objective information needed to make an educated choice. The safest option for a farmer who intends to export his of her corn is to plant a variety of seed types. The business venture I advice a new company to start is poultry farming in China. The advantages are endless. The Chinese market is huge just in terms of population. The chicken market especially is on the increase. Eggs and chicken are daily commodities, thus, the demand is excessive. This is the more lucrative project between the two.

Two different queuing systems

Two different queuing systems Introduction This report presents the modeling of two different queuing systems in a typical bank environment using the arena software. The confidence intervals for both the systems are constructed based on the simulation results. The systems are then compared to find out which queuing system performs better. Assumptions For both systems, no real data was collected. Both the interarrival times and service times were taken from known probability distributions. Other assumptions also include no balking, reneging and queue jumping. Each replication had the same initial conditions and terminating events. Lastly, both systems are assumed to be stable, have infinite calling population and no limit on system capacity. Modeling of the systems In this section of the report, the actual modelings of both the systems using the arena software are discussed. Configuration of the models and steps to run the system are also highlighted. Firstly, system 1 is explained, followed by system 2. System 1 modeling System 1 has a separate queue for each individual bank teller. Based on Kendalls notation, system 1 is an M/M/4 system. It is a Poisson process and disallows batch arrivals. The table below summarizes the categorization of the system based on the parameters of the system. In this system, customers arrive and choose to join the shortest queue. The highlighted mean values in the table represent the exponential mean value ?. For the interarrival time, 100 customers arrive in 1 hour. Hence, ÃŽ ²= 1/ (100/60) = 0.6 Firstly, create the customer arrival portion by clicking and dropping the create button. Next configure it by doubling clicking the diagram. The Figure shows the dialog box to configure the entity. Type the parameter as shown in Figure 2 above for this system. The configuration can also be shown in the figure below. Create the four individual processes for each of the Bank Tellers by using the process button. Configure the process as shown below. Since the customers can choose the shortest queue to join upon arrival, create a decision box by using the decide button. Configure the decision box as follows: Click on the Add button to include the conditions for the branching conditions. Select Expression and right click and select expression builder to construct the expressions. Finally, create the customer departure by using the Dispose button. Double click on the button to configure by naming it. Lastly, connect all the components together to model the system 1. System 2 modeling System 2 has only a single queue for all the arriving customers. When a bank teller becomes available, the customer will be served by that bank teller. Based on Kendalls notation, system 2 is an M/M/1 system. The table below shows the categorization of the system 2 based on Kendalls notation. Running the Simulation Once the models of both the system are constructed, simulation runs are conducted to evaluate the performance of the systems. The steps in running the simulation are as follows: Click on the Run tab and select Setup. Click on the Replication Parameters tab. Input number of replications as 15 and replication length as 480 change all the units to minutes. This is shown in the Figure below. Click on Run tab and select Go to run the simulation. Simulation Results This section of the report summarizes the results produced by both the queuing systems. The performance measure parameter is the average time the customer spends in the bank. The results for each individual system are evaluated and the following confidence interval is constructed. Then the two systems are compared by constructing another confidence interval. System 1 Results The system 1 results are based on the average time a customer spends in the system as its performance measure. The average time for each replication is summarized in the table below. Firstly, the mean is computed using (n) = 4.8121 Variance is also computed using (n) = 1.103800987 Hence the 95% confidence interval (? = 0.05, t14, 0.975 = 2.145) for system1 is computed using Confidence interval: [4.2302, 5.3940] System 2 Results The system 2 results are also measuring the average time the customer spends in the system. The results are summarized in the table below. By using the same formulas, the mean, variance and confidence interval are as follows: (n) = 3.804533333 (n) = 2.231921051 Confidence interval: [2.9771, 4.6319] Comparison between Two Systems From previous results, the confidence intervals of both the systems overlap each other. Therefore, it is hard to determine which system performs better. Hence, paired- t confidence interval is used to compare the two systems. It is important to note that the number of replications for each system must be the same for this type of comparison. The table below summarizes the results of this comparison. The mean, variance and the confidence interval is computed and the results are as follows: (n) = 1.007566667 (n) = 3.578001252 Confidence interval: [0.5192, 1.4960] Since the confidence interval does not contain zero, there is strong evidence to conclude that system 1s average time customer spends in the system is larger than that of system 2. Hence, system 2 performs better than system 1. Conclusion This report presents the models of two different queuing systems in a bank environment. Through the simulation results, it is found that system 2 performs better than system 1. In order to get more accurate results, the number of simulation runs must be increased and other performance measure parameters can be tested to further gauge the performance of both the systems.

The Importance of Winning Essay -- Personal Narrative

The Importance of Winning There is an old saying â€Å" It doesn’t matter if you win or lose, it’s how you play the game.† How true is this? Can this be applied to all situations in life? This may be pertinent to children in schools who participate in trivial events such as sports, for example. However, with these types of ideas we are saying that losing is fine. Consequently, youths are goaded to contend with the ideas of being losers and also-rans. In events such as sports, politics, and even war, the old saying should be paraphrased to â€Å"It does matter if you win or lose and how you win.† Winning or losing can be a matter of life and death. Today’s professional sports players are so responsible for the team that they know they have to play at their best, with one hundred percent effort. Otherwise, the consequences are some times fatal for the fans and players as well. For instance, at the U.S. Soccer World Cup of 1994, the national team of Colombia was playing against the U.S. to qualify for the second round. One defender from the Colombian team, Andres Escobar Gomez, in an effort to kick the ball out of the terrain, accidentally kicked it into the goal of his team. The opposite team jeered the auto-goal because the victory for the U.S. was eminent. The Colombian fans were so angry that when the team went back to Colombia, the soccer player who scored the auto-goal was murdered two days later by radical fans. This is just a tragic example of how important it is to win. ...

Food Presentation

As we all know, food is essential to our daily lives because it gives us the energy and nutrients that we need especially when we prepared it right. So our professor gave us a task to prepare a meal (good for six persons) that follows the guidelines of the Food Pyramid. During our brainstorming, many ideas came up to our minds. But we came up to a point that we should have criteria in choosing the right meal. It should be healthy, satisfying, and of course it will not cost us too much. After exchanging ideas, we finally decided that we will be having Crab and Corn soup as the appetizer, Chicken Curry for the main dish, Saging Con Yelo for the dessert, iced tea (Apple flavor) for the drinks and Apple for the side dish. After the discussion, the group leader assigned the task and set the time and place for the next meeting. I was assigned to prepare the list of ingredients that will be used for the cooking. When my group mates and I meet again, everybody was excited especially me because we will be buying the ingredients that we need for the food presentation. It’s already been a long time since I last go to a market and I really don’t know how to choose from what’s fresh or not and to buy or not to buy so I asked my group mates to teach me the basics in buying fresh vegetables, meats and fruits. Luckily, Florevil knows something about cooking so we didn’t had a hard time dealing with it. Since me and some of my group mates don’t know how to cook, we are assigned to prepare the ingredients and make sure everything is ready. While Florevil is cooking the meal, I watched every step of it so I can cook it at our house when my mom is not around. As the meal is almost done, some of my group mates prepared the dessert and the side dish, some prepared the table and set it in a presentable way and some called the guests who will taste the meal that we prepared. I couldn’t resist myself to eat when I smelled the Chicken Curry but I have to because we should serve the guests first. By the way, it is my favorite dish After the guests tasted our meal, they gave us comments. The food is well presented and the main dish and the dessert are delicious. But the appetizer is too salty and didn’t go well with the main dish and dessert. Good thing we had apples as our back up to the salty appetizer we cooked. The presentation ended. We cleaned our mess and had a last group meeting to discuss the positive and negative comments of the guests. We accepted the criticisms given by the guests whole heartedly for us to learn from it and to improve more the next time we will have an activity like this. We can also apply the knowledge that we have learned from this activity and use it for the future.

Cavendish Publisher Ltd Essay Example

Cavendish Publisher Ltd Essay Example Cavendish Publisher Ltd Essay Cavendish Publisher Ltd Essay The old view of the judges role, the so-called declaratory theory of law, was that they were merely declaring the existing law. Lord Esher stated in Willis v Baddeley26: There is no such thing as judge-made law, the judges do not make the law, though they frequently have to apply existing law to circumstances as to which it has not previously been authoritatively laid down that such law is applicable. The modern view is that judges do make law. Lord Radcliffe said: there was never a more sterile controversy than that upon the question whether a judge makes law. Of course he does. How can he help it? 27 The reality is that judges are continually applying the existing rules to new fact situations and thus creating new laws. Law must adapt to changing circumstances and Parliament can be slow28. Therefore, from any disadvantage you could always derive some positive elements. The making of law in decided cases offers opportunities for growth and legal development, which could not be provided by Parliament. The courts can more quickly lay down new principles, as the judges from time to time have to deal with cases of first impression or extend old principles, to meet novel circumstances. If a new event that has not been decided before comes to the court (original precedent), it is likely that the judge will look at cases which are close in principle and decide to use similar rules. This idea of creating new law by analogy can be seen in Hunter v Canary Wharf29. The interference with the reception on Hunters television because of Canary Wharf Tower having been built was likened to the case of Bland v Molselely30, in respect to the loss of a view. There has built up over the centuries a large quantity of cases that illustrate a vast number of the principles of English law. The cases exemplify the law in the sort of detail that could not be achieved in a long code of the Continental type. However, therein lies another weakness of case law. Its very bulk and complexity make it increasingly difficult to find the law31. Moreover, the advantage of certainty is diminished, as there are too many cases that seem really confusing. It is fair to say that judicial precedent has considerable significance within the laws of England, however it is important to see whether the significance is justified, and whether it is current position is adequate. Consistency plays a central role in justifying the decisions taken in particular case. Some believe that treating two cases in the same way can lead to the law being inflexible and rigid and a lack of freedom is formed. This to a certain extent is true but I feel that if two cases are very alike with just material facts being different, then they should be treated in the same way. This leads to fairness and certainty as mentioned previously. However, there are a lot of factors, which make it difficult to achieve consistency, as statements of law on a legal issue are usually made by more than one judge and a single judge make several stamens of law32. Practically any legal system has official hierarchies of decision-making, where superior courts have the power to resolve inconsistent statements of lower court judges. Therefore, there is a degree of inconsistency where the decisions delivered by different judges on certain points of law. In any cases, the rules of precedent do not explain why judges obey the rules of precedent. Neither do they indicate the degree of consistency that is likely to be precedent at any given time33. On the whole the advantages are outweigh the disadvantages and it the best system we have at the moment and still remains highly significant in English legal system. The Practice Direction of 1966 allows the Highest Court in the hierarchy to reverse previous decisions that helps to ensure that old and out dated rules can no longer apply to modern society. Due to the increase of case law the importance of judicial precedent will increase, as it will cover nearly every legal situation. It cannot be achieved by any codified legal system. Even though a part of British constitution has now been codified in statutes it only brings advantages. It can be referred to and it will be easy to see when someone breaches these rights. Before the Human Rights Act was made, citizens had nothing to back them up when they felt their rights as a citizen had been infringed apart from taking the case to the European Court in Strasbourg. Now, there are many different cases that allow citizens to do things they were never previously lawfully allowed to do. The Human Rights law is now entrenched in the UK Judicial system, and so it will be much more difficult to repeal an entrenched Act of Rights when there is a breach of basic human rights. It will be actionable directly in the UK courts. Word count: 3,905 1 Penny Darbyshire, English Legal System, 5th edn, Sweet Maxwell, p. 22 2 Gary Slapper David Kelly, The English Legal System, 6th edn. , Cavendish Publisher Ltd. , pp. 68, 89 3 J. Stone, The Ratio of the Ratio Decidendi, 22 Modern Law Review,1959, pp. 597-8