The Effects of Incarceration Discrimination in the United...

Underachievement, lack of inclusion, and backward progression within society is a trend that engulfs African American men constantly in the American society. There is a continuous struggle to break the persistent mold. Although many feel that the United States has overcome its racist history, the legacies of slavery and racism still affect our policies and practices today. Of the nearly 2.1 million adult men and women imprisoned in the United States, roughly 70% are persons of color (Minton, 2012). Within the criminal justice system, people of color are imprisoned disproportionately due to racist laws, are denied access to the rehabilitative options given to Whites, and are harassed and mistreated by U.S. agencies. Although people of†¦show more content†¦It is and forever will be a part of the living present. The institution of slavery was meant to be a permanent condition for Black males. This condition lay the historical outline for structural and societal racism resulting in a degrading formation of identity within Black. Africans were imported to the United States as purchased goods beginning around 1620. By 1770, almost 700,000 people, nearly 18 percent of the Americans were slaves. By the time of the Emancipation Proclamation, that number had exploded to over 4 million Davidson, J., DeLay, B., Heyrman, C., Lytle, M., Stoff, M. (2011). Blacks were systemically dehumanized for hundreds of years, a practice that had unique social and psychological effects on men. They worked and were whipped in fields like animals. Any resemblance of pride, any call for justice, and any measure of manhood was tortured, beaten, or sold out of them. Most were forbidden from education, which included learning to read and write Davidson et al. (2011). Despite efforts to gradually transition by Abraham Lin coln and his Emancipation Proclamation, Blacks into citizenship, slavery continued to be legal until the ratification of the 13th Amendment in 1865 Davidson et al. (2011). The amendment declared that physical bondage or involuntary servitude was outlawed in the US. However, both the Emancipation Proclamation and the 13th amendment failed to release blacks and integrate them into society,Show MoreRelatedW. E. B. Dubois, Anna Cooper, And Karl Marx : The Social Conflict Of Society1680 Words   |  7 Pagesconflicts of society and how differing populations are faced with discrimination and oppression by those who are dominant in power. Jerome Karabel’s profound article specifically focuses on killings committed by the police as a growing social problem resulting from the most recent movement of racial injustice within the United States. All of these authors offer a unique perspective as they represent different populations within the United States that have dealt with prejudice s as well. As Karl Marx’s:Read MoreMichelle Alexander s The New Jim Crow1495 Words   |  6 Pages Reagan’s policies and Clinton’s â€Å"three strikes your out† policy and how this effects the system today. The third guideline is Internal Consistency. Michelle Alexander keeps all of her information consist. All of the external research she depicts to the readers further confirms the message she is trying to get across which is that the American system of mass incarceration is purely a way to continue the discrimination in today’s society. The fourth guideline is carefulness of generalization. AlexanderRead MoreThe Rap Song By Tupac Amaru Shakur Essay1552 Words   |  7 Pagesshooting and incarceration, produced most of his songs which revolved around controversial issues such as crime, drug and racial discrimination in the inner cities in America society in the 1990s. The rap song â€Å"Changes† that was released in 1988, two years after Tupacâ€℠¢s death, reflected the social discrimination towards African American under the aspects of racial prejudice and crimes. The lyric of the song demonstrated the concept of Underclass stereotype towards African Americans by Abelmann andRead MoreIs The Mass Incarceration Of Blacks The New Jim Crow?1540 Words   |  7 PagesIs the Mass Incarceration of Blacks the new Jim Crow? American has a legacy of the mistreatment and disenfranchisement of African Americans. The same bad treatment that many think only took place in the past is in fact still intact, it’s just presented in a new way. The mass incarceration of blacks in the Unites States can be attributed to the â€Å"racial hierarchy† that has always existed. The U.S contributes to about 5% of the worlds overall population, and about 25% of the worlds prison populationRead MoreRacism: Incarceration of a Household Member and Hispanic Health Disparities1344 Words   |  6 PagesMany Americans pretend that the days of racism are far behind; however it is clear that institutional racism still exists in this country. One way of viewing this institutional racism is looking at our nation’s prison system and how the incarceration rates are skewed towards African American men. The reasons for the incarceration rate disparity are argued and different between races, but history points out a nd starts to show the reason of why the disparity began. Families and children of the incarceratedRead MoreThe New Jim Crow by Michelle Alexander960 Words   |  4 PagesMichelle Alexander tries to advance intellectual dialogue regarding mass incarceration in the United States. Alexander does this by carrying out a historical analysis of the process in which the correctional system controls African Americans through intentionally selected, and systematically sanctioned legal limits. In fact, the United States incarceration rate is not at peak by coincidence. Moreover, it is not coincidental that Black men and women make up the majority of this number. According to AlexanderRead MoreThe Prison Industrial Complex : How Do We Define It?1640 Words   |  7 Pagesaffecting minorities mainly African Americans but to put it simply is that more and more prisons are becoming privatized and getting third party contracts from government agencies instead of the government owned. Some companies shockingly benefit from crime so with those benefits comes incentives to imprison more people no matter the crime despite violent crime rates being on a steady decline. In the twenty-five years since the passage of the Anti-Drug Abuse Act, the United States penal population roseRead MoreAfrican Americans During The Civil War Essay1319 Words   |  6 Pagesrates of incarceration among young African American men with little schooling. Radical changes in crime control and sentencing polices led to an unprecedented buildup of the United States prison population over the last thirty years. African Americans comprise a disproportionate percentage of the individuals imprisoned in State correctional institutions across the United States. . There are 5 main reasons as to why African Americans repeatedly go to prison. These reasons are racial discrimination, theRead More An Analysis of Broken On All Sides724 Words   |  3 Pagesrest of the United States. In a nation where o ver one in one hundred of U.S. adults are incarcerated, the United States imprisons the greatest number of people in the world (Petit, 2012). In fact, though the U.S. only makes up five percent of the world’s population, it incarcerates a quarter of its prisoners (Pillischer, 2012). What Broken On All Sides seeks to present is just how â€Å"unjust† the criminal justice system is as those most negatively affected by the increasing incarceration rate in theRead MoreThe Impact Of Psychological Slavery On Attachment And Trust Essay995 Words   |  4 PagesTrust in the Intimate Relationship between African-American Men and Women By Sametta Hill Argosy University Twin Cities Date Committee Chair (degrees) Committee Member (degrees) â€Æ' Table of Contents â€Æ' Research Question What is the effect of Psychological slavery on attachment and trust in the intimate relationship between the African-American male and female? Introduction Most research studies today explains the relational problems of African-American couples inability to stay together in terms